Unit 2 - Metabolism and Survival

Question 1

Vo2 max

Answer 1

The maximum rate at which the body is able to take up and use oxygen

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

A reaction that requires energy an builds micromolecules into macromolecules.

Question 3

Catabolic

Answer 3

A reaction that releases energy and breaks down macromolecules into micromolecules.

Question 4

Example of double circulatory system (incomplete and complete)

Answer 4

Birds/mammals/amphibians/reptiles

Question 5

Example of single circulatory system

Answer 5

ONLY fish

Question 6

Double circulatory systems are more efficient than single circulatory systems as there is a pathway for…

Answer 6

1. Oxygenated blood to cells

2. Blood to lungs

Question 7

Double circulatory system has 2 pathways, to the…

Answer 7

1. Body

2. Lungs

Question 8

How many atria and ventricles do fish have?

Answer 8

1 A + 1 V

Question 9

How many atria and ventricles do amphibians/reptiles have?

Answer 9

2 A + 1 V

Question 10

How many atria and ventricles do mammals/birds have?

Answer 10

2 A + 2 V

Question 11

Metabolic rate for fish?

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Metabolic rate for amphibians/reptiles?

Answer 12

More than fish, but still low

Question 13

Metabolic rate for mammals/birds?

Answer 13

High

Question 14

Fish have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 14

Single

Question 15

Amphibians/reptiles have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 15

Double incomplete

Question 16

Birds/mammals have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 16

Double complete

Question 17

Diagram-Circulation of gases for birds

Answer 17

Air in (O2) — trachea — posterior air sac — lungs — anterior air sac — Air out (Co2)

Question 18

Physiological adaptation for organisms in the Deep Ocean

Answer 18

Partially collapses lungs - less oxygen for heart muscle and saves energy when diving

Question 19

Physiological adaptation for organisms in high altitude

Answer 19

Produce more red blood cells - can carry more oxygen around body

Question 20

As oxygen concentration increases, terrestrial body size…

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

Fish have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 21

Single

Question 22

Amphibians/reptiles have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 22

Double incomplete

Question 23

Birds/mammals have what kind of circulatory system?

Answer 23

Double complete

Question 24

Circulation of gases for birds

Answer 24

Air in (O2) — trachea — posterior air sac — lungs — anterior air sac — Air out (Co2)

Question 25

Physiological adaptation for organisms in the Deep Ocean

Answer 25

Partially collapses lungs - less oxygen for heart muscle and saves energy when diving

Question 26

Physiological adaptation for organisms in high altitude

Answer 26

Produce more red blood cells - can carry more oxygen around body

Question 27

As oxygen concentration increases, terrestrial body size...

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

The ability of an organism to maintain its metabolic rate is affected by external factors such as...

Answer 28

1. Temperature 2. pH 3. Salinity (salt conc.)

Question 29

Abiotic factor

Answer 29

Non-living factor

Question 30

Biotic factor

Answer 30

Living factor

Question 31

Regulator

Answer 31

Its internal environment remains constant despite changes in the external environment

Question 32

Regulators have ..... metabolic cost

Answer 32

High

Question 33

Example of a regulator

Answer 33

Bird/mammal

Question 34

Conformers

Answer 34

Its internal environment is dependent on its external environment

Question 35

Conformers have a ..... metabolic cost

Answer 35

Low

Question 36

Example of a conformer

Answer 36

Fish (cold blooded)

Question 37

Gas exchange

Answer 37

O2 in, Co2 out

Question 37

Normal amphibian gas exchange take place via

Answer 37

Skin and mouth

Question 37

2 structures of amphibians lungs

Answer 37

1. Small, thin walled air sacs | 2. Few alveoli

Question 37

Amphibians lack branching structures in the lungs such as

Answer 37

Bronchi and bronchioles

Question 38

4 features of reptiles/mammals lungs

Answer 38

1. Thin lining 2. Large surface area 3. Good blood supply 4. Moist

Question 39

Explain reptiles and mammals lungs

Answer 39

Highly BRANCHES system containing BRONCHI and BRONCHIOLES and ending in ALVEOLI where GAS EXCHANGE occurs

Question 40

Why do we need O2?

Answer 40

To act as the final hydrogen and electronic acceptor in the electron transport system

Question 41

What has the higher oxygen demand per kg due to its high metabolic rate?

Answer 41

Bird

Question 42

What has the most efficient respiratory system

Answer 42

Bird

Question 43

What is the main difference between birds and mammals/reptiles respiratory system

Answer 43

Birds - air forces in one direction (continuous direction) | Mammals/reptiles - air breathed in and out via same route

Question 44

Name 2 structural adaptations of a birds respiratory system

Answer 44

1. Large air sacs (posterior and anterior) | 2. Parabronchi

Question 45

Bird - name 2 air sacs and detail (respiratory system)

Answer 45

Posterior - fills with fresh air - first in cycle. | Anterior - fills with stale air - 3rd/last in cycle