Unit 2: Migration Flashcards
(14 cards)
Push factors from Poland to the UK?
•Unemployment 18.2% in 2005. Highest in all MEDCS.
•Rural areas with youth unemployment at 40%
•GDP - $12700 compared to $30100 for UK in 2005
Pull factors to the UK from Poland?
• EU expansion – UK one of only 3
countries to allow free immigration
• Better wages (4/5 times higher.)
• High availability of low skilled and skilled work: over 600K jobs available in 2005
•Easy to travel – low cost airlines / coach travel.
•English is second language to many
Polish.
•Improved communications make living away easier
Costs of migration to Poland?
•Shortage of skilled workers (7% have left).
•Cost of Training staff in Poland (eg 100 welder apprentices pa in Gdansk shipyard) and then move to UK – economic loss
•Baltic Stadium for 2012 Euro Soccer
Finals needed Chinese workers to
complete.
•Divorce rate doubled in 7 years.
•Ageing population.
Benefits of migration to Poland?
•£4BN remittances sent home annually.
•Higher disposable income.
•More money available in Polish
economy from remittances has led to expansion of some businesses in Poland.
•Emancipation of women – jobs such as firefighting, construction, factories
Costs of migration to the UK? (Poland Case Study)
•Increase in youth unemployment.
•Tensions and misunderstandings: Growth of right-wing
anti-immigration viewpoints
•Fly tipping / Lincoln Road in Peterborough
•Need for bilingual police – increase in driving offences.
•Locals move out, sell to landlords = overcrowding in properties. Multiple Occupancy dwellings
•Pressure on services – one doctors surgery in New England Ward of Peterborough saw 1000 new patients in 6 months and Lack of funding from government for interpreters, support workers.
• Beeches primary school has 98.6% EASL, 3/600 children
are white British, 24 different languages are spoken and
1/3 of the pupils are eastern European.
•Increase in Brothels
•Elderly feel isolated in areas with Multiple Occupancy
Dwellings (MODS) with transient population.
Benefits of migration for the UK? (Poland Case Study)
•£2.5BN contributed to economy annually.
•0.5-1% growth in UK in 2005/6
•80% are of working age – offsets ageing population.
•National insurance would be higher without migrants contributions.
•Fill otherwise empty/unwanted jobs. Eg Stamford Stone
paid £7 per hour and couldn`t operate without East European workers. Agricultural labour in regions such as the Fens
• Cheaper food in supermarkets for consumers eg butternut squash / sprouts etc
•Cheaper products helps offset inflation – it is estimated
mortgages would be 0.5% higher.
•Polish shops / culture
What is an International Economic Migrant?
A person who moves voluntarily from one country to another to improve their standard of living.
What are Diaspora Communities?
The term ‘Diaspora’ means the movement and spreading of a large number of people from one part of the world to another. In doing so they transfer their culture with them and establish a new cultural community within their new homeland.
Summarise the Case Study: Economic migrants from Eastern Europe
Today there are over 1 million
people for Eastern Europe origin
living in the UK.
Many people have migrated since
2004 when 8 new countries
joined the EU - collectively
known as the A8 countries.
These countries were: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia.
At the time of joining the UK,
Ireland and Sweden gave citizens
from these new countries the
right to live and work with immediate effect.
Between 2004 and 2007 over 800 000 economic migrant moved to the UK for Eastern Europe, of which over 500 000 were from Poland.
In 2007 two additional Eastern European countries joined the EU - Bulgaria and Romania.
The citizens of these countries now also have the right to live and work in other EU countries.
How many Polish workers worked as Process, Plant and Machine Operations workers in 2016?
130,000
20% of total polish employment
How many Polish workers worked as Elementary Occupation workers in 2016?
183,000
28% of total polish employment
Age: __ % of Polish migrants who arrived between 2004 to 6 were aged between 18 and 44.
92
What is the Powroty scheme?
It has set up to “help Poles planning to return to Poland. We advise you to go through all the practical and formal difficulties that you may encounter when moving to Poland, as well as how to find a job or start a business in the country.”
Powroty = return
Government has concerned brain drain issues
Importance of migration for the Cambridge Science Hub?
• Restrictions on international migration are seen as seriously unhelpful
• Current attempts to cap migration are not welcome and indeed, there was a strong sense that it needed to be made easier rather than more difficult through, for example, the issuing of visas
• The highly skilled are drawn to competitive and innovative places to better their career development
