UNIT 2; NATURAL SELECTION AND GENETICS

Question 1

Gene Mutations

Answer 1

Substitution (Point), Insertion (Frameshift), Deletion (Frameshift)

Question 2

Chromosome Mutations

Answer 2

Duplication, Deletion, Inversion, Translocation

Question 3

Substitution (Point)

Answer 3

It is when a base is put in place of another base to substitute it.

Question 4

Insertion (Frameshift)

Answer 4

It is when a base is added when it is not supposed to be there.

Question 5

Deletion (Frameshift)

Answer 5

It is when a base is taken away or deleted from its original place.

Question 6

Duplication

Answer 6

It is when extra copies of genes are generated.

Question 7

Deletion

Answer 7

It is when nucleotides are lost from a segment of DNA.

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

It is when genes are reversed or the order of the genes are switched.

Question 9

Translocation

Answer 9

It is when a piece of chromosome attaches itself to a different chromosome.

Question 10

Order of size for DNA, chromosome, nucleotide, gene

Answer 10

Chromosome, gene, DNA, nucleotide

Question 11

What are proteins made of?

Answer 11

Proteins are made of long chains of building blocks called amino acids.

Question 12

What is the purpose of proteins?

Answer 12

The purpose of proteins is to carry out most of the bodyś functions and to make up the bulk of its structure– such as fingernails and muscle.

Question 13

What is a gene?

Answer 13

A gene is a large unit made up with the 4 building blocks that are also a set of instructions for building a specific protein.

Question 14

What are genes made up of?

Answer 14

Genes are made up of long segments of DNA.

Question 15

What is a genome?

Answer 15

A genome is a complete set of genes, or a set of instructions for building an entire organism.

Question 16

What is the purpose of genes?

Answer 16

The purpose of genes is to give instructions on how to build a specific protein.

Question 17

What are amino acids?

Answer 17

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 18

20-letter code of amino acids

Answer 18

the building blocks of proteins.

Question 19

What is the relationship between genes and amino acids?

Answer 19

Protein-encoding genes specify the sequences of amino acids

Question 20

What the main function of chromosomes?

Answer 20

The main function of chromosomes is to carry the DNA and transfer the genetic information from parents to offspring.

Question 21

Chromosomes

Answer 21

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

Question 22

THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

THF ATC ATA TET HER AT

Answer 22

Deletion (Frameshift)

Question 23

THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

THE FAC TCA TAT ETH ERA T

Answer 23

Insertion (Frameshift)

Question 24

THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

THE FAT CAT ATE THE BAT

Answer 24

Substitution (Point)

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

the process of making mRNA from DNA (to make protein)

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

the process of making a protein from RNA

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

a permanent change in the sequence of DNA

Question 28

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 28

a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 29

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 29

DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded/ RNA has the nitrogen base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)/ RNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose

Question 30

types of RNA

Answer 30

messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)