Unit 2: Networks of Exchange

Question 1

What are 3 technologies created circa 1200-1450 aiding the development of the Silk Roads

Answer 1

Caravanserai - Stops along silk roads - centers for cultural exchange as well as trade - spread many religions and ideals

Paper Money - Created by Chinese - Faster and easier way to transport wealth across silk road than silver

Bills of Exchange - Similar to paper money but only IOU’s - exchanged for money at banking house

Question 2

What was the majority of things traded along Silk Road

Answer 2

Luxury goods (sugar, gold, porcelain, silk)

Question 3

What are some trading cities that grew as a result of the Silk Roads

Answer 3

Kashgar and Samarkand

Question 4

How did the Mongols survive before their conquest

Answer 4

They were pastoralists and used horses and bows to hunt

Question 5

How did the Mongols conquer

Answer 5

Mongols would attempt to negotiate peace but then if they don’t comply, show no mercy and attack

Question 6

What did Genghis Khan do

Answer 6

He unified the Mongols and led them to conquer most of AfroEurasia

Question 7

What were the 4 Khanates

Answer 7

Ilkhanate, Golden Horde, Great Khanate (Yuan Dynasty), Chaghatai Dynasty

Question 8

Where was the Ilkhanate

Answer 8

Middle East Abbasid Caliphate

Question 9

How did the Ilkhanate conquer

Answer 9

Mongols captured Baghdad and cut off Abbasid Caliphate

Question 10

Where is the Golden Horde

Answer 10

Controlled present day Russia and Ukraine

Question 11

Why did Russia Industrialize later

Answer 11

The Golden Horde was one of the longest Mongol ruled state in history

Question 12

How did the Mongols affect China

Answer 12

Yuan Dynasty brought peace and stability to China - centralized Chinese government, introduced tech such as paper money, compass, and protected silk roads

Question 13

What was the Chagatai Khanate

Answer 13

Origin of Mongols and no change in culture because the same people have lived there for a while

Question 14

Define the Pax Mongolica

Answer 14

Time of peace of the Mongols which protected Silk Roads and developed nations further

Question 15

Describe 3 technologies developed for maritime trade

Answer 15

Lateen Sails - easier, faster transportation with better ship control

Astrolabe - Showed latitude / longitude

Magnetic Compass - Gave sailors sense of directions developed in China

Stern Rudder - Controlled ships better

Question 16

What were 4 things traded across Trans-Saharan Trade route

Answer 16

Gold, Ivory, Salt, Enslaved people

Question 17

Who was Mansa Musa

Answer 17

Ruler of Mali, super wealthy, went on hajj and displayed wealth to many people

Question 18

Describe 2 technologies used on the Trans-Saharan Trade Route

Answer 18

Camel Saddles - increased comfort and can carry much more goods and equipment along route

Caravans - Groups of people traveling together - protected against bandits and other dangers

Question 19

What are the major religions that spread along trade routes and where did they spread to

Answer 19

Buddhism -> East + S.E. Asia
Hinduism -> S.E. Asia
Islam -> Africa and Asia

Question 20

Who was Xuanzang and what did he do

Answer 20

Chinese Buddhist Scholar

Went to India spreading Buddhist teachings and wrote book about his travels

Question 21

What was Neo-Confucianism

Answer 21

Mix of Confucianism and Buddhism used in most of China

Question 22

What was Angkor Wat

Answer 22

A Hindu temple in SE asia considered one of the most important archaeological sites in SE Asia created as a result of Indian Ocean Trade

Question 23

Who was Ibn Battuta and what did he do

Answer 23

Moroccan scholar who traveled to the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, SE Asia, and China and wrote a book about it - considered greatest travelogue in history

Question 24

Who was Marco Polo

Answer 24

Italian Merchant who traveled far East and wrote a book about it

Question 25

Who was Margery Kempe

Answer 25

English religious author who wrote first autobiography ever

Question 26

How was the Black Death spread

Answer 26

FLEAS ON RATS

Question 27

What percentage of the European population died because of the Bubonic Plague

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

Why are banana’s important

Answer 28

Spread across indian ocean
Cash crop
Origin in SE asia
Planted in Americas where climate was right

Question 29

What are 3 negative impacts on the environment as a result of global trade

Answer 29

Overgrazing - having more livestock than capacity

Deforestation - Removal of forests for farms

Soil Erosion - over farming -> wearing away of soil