Unit 2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon based compounds.
(exceptions: elemental carbon, carbon dioxide/monoxide, carbonates)
Why is carbon special?
It forms 4 bonds
Very small
Can form double and triple bonds
Forms strong and stable bonds/molecules
What can carbon compounds make?
- Medicines
- Plastics
- Solvents
- Fuels
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrogen and carbon compounds
What are fuels?
Substances that can react and release energy which can be used to do work.
Until the moment of requirement, fuels should stay stable
What is a homologous series?
Examples:
What do they have in common?
Compounds that have the same functional group.
- Alkanes (single bonds)
- Alkenes (double bonds)
- Alcohols (OH)
- functional group
- general formula
- similar chemical properties
What is an organic compound?
A compound containing a chain of carbons covalently bonded together.
what is the word and chemical equation for the combustion of alcohol/alkane?
alcohol/alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
CnHnOH/CnHn + O2 –> CO2 + H20
Functional group: Halogens
- F
- Cl
- Br
- I
Preffix name:
- fluoro
- chloro
- bromo
- iodo
Functional group: amine
name the preffix, suffix and compound
amino-
-amine
NH2
Functional group: carboxylic acid
name the suffix and compound
-oic acid
COOH
Functional group: carbon side chain
(saturated or unsaturated)
-yl
(methyl, butanyl)
Functional group: alcohol
name the preffix, suffix and compound
hydroxy-
-ol
OH
what is a structural isomer?
compound with the same formula but a different chemical structure.
what is the trend of boiling points in the alkanes?
The trend is a curve that flattens off. Boiling point is due to the strength of the intermolecular forces and as they heat up they break and the state of the compound changes. The change from 1 to 2 carbons has a double effect, but the change from 50 to 51 carbons has a much smaller effect - that’s why the curve levels off.
