Unit 2 Psych Chapter 10: Prosocial & Antisocial Behaviour

Question 1

Define Social behaviour

Answer 1

Any behaviour where interaction occurs between 2 or more people.

Question 2

Define Prosocial behaviour

Answer 2

Any behaviour intended to help or benefit another person, group or society

Question 3

What are the 3 factors that influence Prosocial behaviour?

Answer 3

1) Situational Factors
2) Social Norms
3) Personal Factors

Question 4

What are the 3 factors in Situational factors

Answer 4

1) Noticing the situation
2) Interpreting the situation
3) Taking Responsibility for helping

Question 5

Explain ‘Noticing the Situation’

Answer 5

People are more likely to notice if alone rather than if they were in a group.

Question 6

Explain ‘Interpreting the Situation’

Answer 6

The less ambiguous the situation, the more likely someone is to help.More ambiguous or unclear, less likely to help.

Question 7

Explain ‘Taking Responsibility for helping’

Answer 7

Unlikely to help if you don’t believe it is your responsibility - the presence of others influence this.

Question 8

What is the Bystander Effect?

Answer 8

We are less likely to help someone when other people are present. When others are around, we place the responsibility to help on others (diffusion of responsibility)

Question 9

What are social norms?

Answer 9

The standards or rules that govern what people should or should not do in different social situations

Question 10

What are the social norms?

Answer 10

1) Reciprocity norm

2) Social Responsibility Norm

Question 11

Define Reciprocity norms

Answer 11

Based on the reciprocity principal, we should give what we received of expect to receive, so we should help others who help us.

Question 12

Define Social Responsibility Norm

Answer 12

It is our duty to help someone, even if it is known that they would be incapable of returning the favour.

Question 13

What are the Personal Factors that influence Prosocial behaviour?

Answer 13

1) Empathy
2) Mood
3) Competence

Question 14

Define empathy

Answer 14

The ability to identify with and understand another person’s feelings or difficulties. We are more likely to help someone in need of help, often because we are feeling the distress the person is going through.

Question 15

Explain Empathy

Answer 15

We are more likely to help someone in need of help, often because we are feeling the distress the person is going through.

Question 16

Explain mood

Answer 16

People are more likely to help when they are in a good mood, irrespective of what causes the good mood

Question 17

Define and explain Competence

Answer 17

People with ability or training relevant to the situation where help is required are more like to help than those untrained. Untrained may help, but indirectly (e.g: phoning emergency services)

Question 18

Define Altruism

Answer 18

A form of prosocial behaviour focused on the wellbeing or benefit of others for their own sake, without any thoughts of personal gains or rewards.

Question 19

Characteristics of Altruism

Answer 19

• No chance of personal gain or reward
• ‘Genuine altruism’ - involves element of personal risk as placing someone’s survival above their own (not part of definition)

Question 20

What are the Factors influencing Reluctance to Help?

Answer 20

1) Diffusion of Responsibility
2) Audience Inhibition
3) Cost-Benefit Analysis

Question 21

What is Social Influences?

Answer 21

The effects of the presence or actions of others either real or imagined, of the way people think, feel and behave.

Question 22

Define Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 22

Belief that in situation requiring help where others are present, one or more other people will or should take responsibility for helping.

Question 23

Explain Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 23

When others are present, responsibility is diffused (spread) across the whole group. The increase in amount of people decreases the likelihood that any one person will help.

Question 24

Define Audience Inhibition

Answer 24

The fear of appearing foolish in front of others.

Question 25

Explain Audience Inhibition

Answer 25

The presence of others provide and this increases the chances of being embarrassed or seeming foolish which inhibits or prevents someone from helping.

Question 26

Define Cost-Benefit Analysis

Answer 26

Weighing up personal and social costs of belong against the benefits of helping.

Question 27

What does Rewards in Cost-Benefit Analysis include?

Answer 27

Includes monetary reward, gratitude of the victim, help in return, feeling good and an increase in self esteem of social approval.

Question 28

What does Cost in Cost-Benefit Analysis include?

Answer 28

Includes the effort and time required to help, risks such as harm, feeling bad (guilt or embarrassment) or loss of resoruces.

Question 29

Define Antisocial behaviour

Answer 29

Any behaviour that is disruptive or harmful to the wellbeing or property of another person or to the functioning of a group or society.

Question 30

Define aggression

Answer 30

Any behaviour intended to cause physical or psychological harm to a person (including self), animal of object. There must be an intention of harm, regardless if it is done or not.

Question 31

What are the 4 Perspectives of Aggression?

Answer 31

1) Psychodynamic 2) Ethnological 3) Biological 4) Social Learning

Question 32

Define Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 32

An inner urge or 'force' builds up within us until it needs to be released which emphasise complex interaction of mostly unconscious mental processes

Question 33

Define Ethological Perspective

Answer 33

Animal behaviour which behaviour occurs in natural habitat. Aggression is instinctive and has adaptive and survival functions.

Question 34

Define Biological Perspective

Answer 34

Aggression has a biological basis and is influenced by our genes, biochemistry and Nervous System.

Question 35

Define Social Learning

Answer 35

Aggression is a learned behaviour and most of the learning occurs through observing and copying aggressive behaviour.

Question 36

What is Bandara's study?

Answer 36

Albert Bandara found children watched an adult model in a video behave aggressively towards a Bobo doll and being reward, punished or receiving no consequences. • children rewarded demonstrated aggressive behaviour • children punished demonstrated least aggressive behaviour but demonstrated aggressive behaviour once reward was offered.

Question 37

What are the 4 conditions necessary for observational learning to occur?

Answer 37

1) Must pay attention to the model's behaviour 2) Must remember model's behaviour 3) Must have ability to imitate behaviour observed 4) Must be motivated to perform behaviour or ARRM (Attention, Remember, Reproduce, Motivated)

Question 38

Example of Prosocial behaviour

Answer 38

Helping someone pick up something dropped

Question 39

Example of Antisocial behaviour

Answer 39

* Breaking laws, rules or social norms | * Damaging property rights of others