Unit 2 pt2 Flashcards
Addition
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
Substitution
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
Elimination
The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
Fractional Distillation
The separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions of different boiling points (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.
Cracking
The breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chaned alkanes and alkenes. Short chains are used as fuels and monomers. Uses a zeolite catalyst at 400dc
Isomerisation
Converts straight chain alkanes into branched alkanes
Reforming
The conversion of aliphatic hydrocarbons to cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrogen gas is also produced
Radical Substitution
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a radical
Initiation
The first step in radical substitution, in which radicals are formed by UV light
Halogenation of alkanes
Occurs at 400dc in the presence of UV radiation. Is a form of radical substitution
Propagation
The two repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction
Cracking
The breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes and alkenes. Short chains are used as fuels and monomers. Uses a zeolite catalyst at 400dc
Propagation
The two repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction
Termination
The final step in radical substitution in which the two radicals combine to form a molecule
Hydrogenation of alkenes
The addition of hydrogen to an alkene to form an alkane. Nickel catalyst at 150dc. (a type of reduction)
