Unit 2 pt2

Question 1

Addition

Answer 1

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Question 2

Substitution

Answer 2

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms

Question 3

Elimination

Answer 3

The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule

Question 4

Fractional Distillation

Answer 4

The separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions of different boiling points (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Question 5

Cracking

Answer 5

The breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chaned alkanes and alkenes. Short chains are used as fuels and monomers. Uses a zeolite catalyst at 400dc

Question 6

Isomerisation

Answer 6

Converts straight chain alkanes into branched alkanes

Question 7

Reforming

Answer 7

The conversion of aliphatic hydrocarbons to cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrogen gas is also produced

Question 8

Radical Substitution

Answer 8

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a radical

Question 9

Initiation

Answer 9

The first step in radical substitution, in which radicals are formed by UV light

Question 10

Halogenation of alkanes

Answer 10

Occurs at 400dc in the presence of UV radiation. Is a form of radical substitution

Question 11

Propagation

Answer 11

The two repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction

Question 12

Cracking

Answer 12

The breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes and alkenes. Short chains are used as fuels and monomers. Uses a zeolite catalyst at 400dc

Question 13

Propagation

Answer 13

The two repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction

Question 14

Termination

Answer 14

The final step in radical substitution in which the two radicals combine to form a molecule

Question 15

Hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 15

The addition of hydrogen to an alkene to form an alkane. Nickel catalyst at 150dc. (a type of reduction)

Question 16

Hydration of alkenes

Answer 16

Addition of steam. High temperature and pressure in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 17

Electrophilic addition

Answer 17

A type of addition reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 18

Carbocation

Answer 18

An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge