Unit 2 reset Flashcards
Monomer
A single unit of a biomolecule
Polymer
Monomer chains that make up complex biomolecules
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Plants use this
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 6O2 (Oxygen) + ADP → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Almost all living things use this to produce energy.
ATP
The energy created by cellular respiration
ADP
A “depleted” form of ATP, what is left when ATP’s energy is all used up.
Protein
A molecule made up of amino acids. They basically do everything in a cell.
Amino Acid
Coded for by a codon, and together they form a polypeptide chain.
Monosaccharide
Monomer of carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Polymer of carbohydrates
Lipid
Biomolecule used in long term energy storage (fats, oils)
Fatty Acid
Monomer of lipids
Nucleic Acid
Biomolecule that stores genetic information (DNA, RNA)
Glycolysis
A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen. (Anerobic)
Kreb’s Cycle
The Krebs cycle involves a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions that reduce the acetyl portion of acetyl coenzyme A in the mitochondrial matrix.
Product
What comes out of a chemical reaction
Reactant
What goes into a chemical reaction
Chlorophyll
A pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms.
Light-Dependent Reaction
Converts water (H2O) into oxygen (O2), ADP to ATP, and NADP+ to NADPH
Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose (C6H12O6), ATP to ADP, and NADPH into NADP+
Aerobic Respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Fermentation
Fermentation is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance.
Carbohydrate
A molecule that contains Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen.
NADPH
The “depleted” form of NADP+
