unit 2 review

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

cells come from other cells, all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic structure of living things

Question 2

microscope

Answer 2

led to the invention of cell theory

Question 3

zacharias and hans janse

Answer 3

created the first compound microscope

Question 4

anton van leeuwenhoek

Answer 4

created first microscope powerful enough to view microbes

Question 5

robert hooke

Answer 5

first to name cell

Question 6

theodor schwann

Answer 6

identified cells as basic structure of plant

Question 7

mattihas schleiden

Answer 7

first to determine plants were composed of cells

Question 8

rudolf virchow

Answer 8

first to state all cells come from other living cells

Question 9

characteristics of life

Answer 9

made of cells, uses ATP, reproduction, evolve, grow + develop, maintain homeostasis, respond 2 enviro, DNA

Question 10

what is an organelle?

Answer 10

a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 11

cell membrane

Answer 11

outside, proteins + lipids + carbs, phospholipid bilayer, regulates what enters and exits the cell, all cells (city limits)

Question 12

cell wall

Answer 12

outside, proteins + lipids + carbs, interlocking matrix of cellulose, provides structure and protection to the cell, eubacteria + protista + fungi + plantae (police)

Question 13

ribosomes

Answer 13

cytoplasm/rough er, proteins + nucleic acids, non-membrane organelles made of two subunits, involved in the synthesis of proteins, all cells (factory)

Question 14

cytoplasm

Answer 14

inside, proteins + lipids + carbs, gelatinous substance found throughout the cell, site of most chemical reactions/helps maintain shape of cell, all cells (atmosphere)

Question 15

flagella

Answer 15

attached, lipids + proteins, tail-like projections attached to the back of cells, movement of unicellular reactions, unicellular/mainly prokaryotes (city bus)

Question 16

nucleus

Answer 16

center, nucleic acid, largest double membrane-bound organelle, contains cells genetic information, eukaryotic cells (mayors office)

Question 17

smooth er

Answer 17

cytoplasm near nucleus, proteins + lipids, branching membrane covered in lipids, synthesis of lipids, eukaryotic cells (manufacturing plant)

Question 18

rough er

Answer 18

cytoplasm near nucleus, proteins + lipids, highly folded membrane structure with ribosomes attached, transport of proteins to golgi apparatus, eukaryotic cells (city roads)

Question 19

golgi apparatus

Answer 19

cytoplasm; near rough + smooth er, proteins + lipids, highly folded membrane structure, modifies/packs and ships proteins and lipids, eukaryotic cells (mailman)

Question 20

vacuole

Answer 20

cytoplasm, lipids + proteins + carbs, membrane-bound + fluid-filled organelle found within cytoplasm, helps in digestion + excretion + storage of substances, eukaryotic cells; larger in plants (warehouse)

Question 20

lysosomes

Answer 20

cytoplasm, lipids + proteins, tiny/circular-shaped/single membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes, helps in the digestion and removes waste and digests dead/damaged cells, “suicidal cells”, eukaryotic cells (recycling plant)

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

cytoplasm, lipids + proteins + carbs, double membrane-bound organelle with a highly folded inner membrane, main site of cellular respiration + involved in storing energy in the form of ATP molecules, eukaryotic cells (powerplant)

Question 22

chloroplast

Answer 22

cytoplasm, lipids + proteins + carbs, double membrane-bound organelle w/ stacked thylakoid, site of photosynthesis; converting solar energy into glucose, plants + protista (solar energy farm)

Question 23

plant vs animal cells

Answer 23

plant - chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole; animal - lysosomes, small vacuole, flagella; BOTH - mitochondria, cytoplasm, ER, nucleus, golgi body, membrane

Question 24

phospholipid head

Answer 24

structure - phosphate group; function - hydrophilic

Question 24

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 24

structure - consists of phospholipids in pairs; function - regulates what enters and exits the cell

Question 25

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 25

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 26

phospholipid tail

Answer 26

structure - fatty acids; function - hydrophobic

Question 27

channel protein

Answer 27

structure - transmembrane protein w/ channel; function - transportation of molecules that cannot go through bilayer

Question 28

receptor protein

Answer 28

structure - transmembrane protein w/o channel; function - cell signaling

Question 29

what molecules can freely move through cell membrane?

Answer 29

oxygen, water, carbon dioxide

Question 30

why do carbon dioxide and water need to freely move through cell membrane?

Answer 30

cellular respiration

Question 31

what is diffusion?

Answer 31

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 32

what determines the rate of passive transport in a cell?

Question 33

simple diffusion

Answer 33

movement of small, non-polar molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, w/ concentration gradient; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 34

facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

movement of large, polar, or charged molecules across a membrane, w/ concentration gradient

Question 35

osmosis

Answer 35

diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane with a concentration gradient of high to low

Question 36

what is facilitated transport?

Answer 36

large, polar, or charged molecules need the help of channel proteins to cross membrane; all active = facilitated, all facilitated ≠ active

Question 37

what is active transport?

Answer 37

needs energy, goes against concentration gradient, not reach dynamic equilibrium

Question 38

which type of transport will stop on its own to reach equilibrium?

Answer 38

passive transport

Question 39

ion pumps

Answer 39

used for small molecules (ions) must move against concentration gradient; potassium/sodium

Question 40

endocytosis

Answer 40

cell takes in molecules into intracellular space

Question 41

exocytosis

Answer 41

cell releases molecules into extracellular space

Question 42

passive vs active

Answer 42

active - atp, against con grad, low to high, no equilibrium; passive - no atp, w/ con grad, high to low, equilibrium; both - transports molecules, has con grad, some sort of facilitated transport

Question 43

homeostasis

Answer 43

maintaining a constant stability

Question 44

positive feedback loop

Answer 44

output amplifies (increases) the system (+)(+)

Question 45

negative feedback loop

Answer 45

output inhibits (stops) the system (+)(-)

Question 45

viruses dont fit what characteristics of life?

Answer 45

made of cells, atp, reproduction, grow + develop, maintain homeostasis