Unit 2 SAC 1 Flashcards
What does the ‘Bronsted Lowry’ theory of acids and bases state?
Any compound that can transfer a proton is an acid, whilst a compound that accepts a proton is a base.
Seperate the strong and weak acids.
Hydroiodic acid (HI)
Formic acid (HCOOH)
Perchloric acid (HCIOv4)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNOv3)
Acetic acid (CHv3COOH)
Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Sulfuric acid (Hv2SOv4)
Hydrogen sulfide (Hv2S)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
STRONG ACIDS
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Hydroiodic acid (HI)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
Perchloric acid (HCIOv4)
Nitric acid (HNOv3)
Sulfuric acid (Hv2SOv4)
WEAK ACIDS
Formic acid (HCOOH)
Acetic acid (CHv3COOH)
Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Hydrogen sulfide (Hv2S)
Seperate the strong and weak bases.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Pyridine (Cv5Hv5N)
Ammonia (NHv3)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)v2
Ammonium Hydroxide (NHv4OH)
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)v2
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
STRONG BASES
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)v2
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)v2
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
WEAK BASES
Ammonia (NHv3)
Ammonium Hydroxide (NHv4OH)
Pyridine (Cv5Hv5N)
Define ‘ionisation’.
The process where an atom obtains a charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions.
What does ‘amphiprotic’ refer to?
Substances that can both donate and accept a proton.
Define ‘hydrolysis’.
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
State the equation for pH
pH = -logv10^[Hv3O+]
State the equation for Kvw
[Hv3O+][OH-] = 10^-14
Define dissolution.
The process of a substance dissolving in another substance.
State what ‘c’ represents.
Concentration in mol/L
State what ‘n’ represents.
Amount of mol
State what ‘V’ represents.
Volume in L
State the equations regarding the relationship between c, n, and v.
c = n/V
c1V1=c2V2
What is the rule for acids and metal hydroxides.
Salt + water
What is the rule for acids and metal carbonates
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the rule for acids and metal hydrogen carbonates
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the rule for acids and reactive metals
salt + hydrogen
State what ‘M’ represents.
Molar mass. Sum of atomic masses.
State what ‘m’ represents.
Mass in grams.
State the equation regarding the relationship between n, m, and M.
n=m/M
State why bases make effective cleaners.
They react with fats or oils to produce water-soluble soaps.
State the properties of an acid.
taste, smell, texture
Sour
Frequently burns nose
Sticky
State the properties of a base.
taste, smell, texture
Bitter
Usually no smell
Slippery
