Unit 2: Skin Cancer, Layer of skin, Skin Disorders etc.

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

Largest organ of the body, serves to protect the viscera(internal organs) as well as regulate temperature.

Question 2

Stratum Corneum

Answer 2

Hard, the outermost layer of the skin. Produces keratin, a protein that makes skin waterproof.

Question 3

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 3

Layer found only in thicker skin such as the palmer or the plantar. Protects the body’s most at-risk parts. Thin, clear layer.

Question 4

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 4

Flat, living cells that carry keratin.

Question 5

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 5

“Spiny Layer” Several layers thick; pre keratin fibers give the cells their ‘spiny’ look.

Question 6

Stratum Basale

Answer 6

Constantly in mitosis, pushes skin cells upward. Responsible for the production of all skin cells within the epidermis. Connects the epidermis to the dermis.

Question 7

Melanocytes

Answer 7

Spider shaped cells that produce melanin. (pigment that absorbs UV radiation)

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

Outermost layer of the skin. Has 5 layers CLGSB.

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

Thick layer of connective tissue containing: Dermal Papillae(ridges that cause fingerprints and provide a gripping surface), Blood vessels, sensory nerves, Sebaceous Glands, hair follicles.

Question 10

Dermal Papillae

Answer 10

Ridges in the dermis that cause fingerprints and provide a gripping surface.

Question 11

Blood Vessel

Answer 11

a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

Question 12

Sebaceous Gland

Answer 12

The gland located in the dermis produces sebum(oil), which lubricates the skin to protect against friction. Amount of Sebum produced is genetic.

Question 13

Hypodermis

Answer 13

(Subcutaneous layer). Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose(fat). Helps to store energy, insulate body, and provides protective padding.

Question 14

Five Functions of the Integumentary System

Answer 14

1. Protection(disease, dirt, and UV radiation)
2. Regulates water loss
3. Produces Vitamin D
4. Gathers sensory information
5. REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE

Question 15

Hypothermia

Answer 15

Lower body temperature than normal interferes with the body’s normal function and eventually ends in death.

Question 16

Hyperthermia

Answer 16

Higher body temperature than normal results in dehydration(from excess sweating) and heat stroke.

Question 17

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 17

The most common form of skin cancer occurs in sun-exposed areas. Appearance is a waxy bump or scar-like lesion. Cryosurgery is need to remove. Stays within Basal cell(95% of patients treated, with risk of it coming back.)

Question 18

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 18

Can Metastasize. Occurs in sun-exposed areas, firm red nodules, or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. Treatment=cryosurgery. More dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body.

Question 19

Melanoma

Answer 19

Most dangerous because it can metastasize and lead to death. Occurs anywhere on the body’s skin. Appearance-large brownish sport. ABCD requirements

Treatment=Surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy.

Question 20

Chronic Skin Disorders

Answer 20

Skin disorder persisting for a prolonged period of time/returning.

Question 21

Uriticaria

Answer 21

Hives; red, raised, itchy bumps on the surface of the skin. Caused by an allergic reaction, or stress, extreme temperatures, or illness.

Question 22

Eczema

Answer 22

A chronic skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. Dry, flaky, blistering skin that appears red and inflammed. Intense itching and burning sensations.

Question 23

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Answer 23

Dandruff is caused by yeast. White, flaky, inflammatory skin condition, often found on the scalp. Lack of sebum from the sebaceous gland underproducing can be a factor to dandruff as well.

Question 24

Psoriasis

Answer 24

Flaky, white-silver patches called scales. Redness and irritation, are genetic. Skin cell mitosis is every week, while normal skin cell mitosis turn around is about 30 days.

Question 25

Albimism

Answer 25

A genetic disorder in which the body cannot produce melanin. Absence of color in hair, skin, or iris; light sensitivity; prone to sunburn and skin cancer.

Question 26

Infectious Skin Disorders

Answer 26

Skin disorders are caused by either bacterial or fungal infections.

Question 27

Impetigo

Answer 27

Bacterial Infection, is highly contagious. Causes blisters and sores on the face and hands. Highly common among kids.

Question 28

Acne

Answer 28

Caused by an overpopulation of sebum and oil, leading to clogging of the pores. Inflammation and swelling form red bumps. Causes include; genetics, hormonal changes, greasy or dry hair products, sweat, and diets high refined with sugar.

Question 29

Athlete’s Foot

Answer 29

Fungus is very common on the pedal or other ends of the body. Can cause burning or stinging, itchiness, and inflamed skin that can appear red, or purple. Can be treated anti-fungal cream.

Question 30

Ringworm

Answer 30

Fungus, not a worm, is caused by fungus. Occurs in warm, moist areas with frequent wetness. Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze.

Question 31

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Answer 31

A very rare bacterial Infection. “flesh-eating disease.’ Necrosis(death) of the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

Question 32

MRSA( Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 32

Bacterial Infection. Lices in the skin with no problems, however, MRSA is a strain that is resistant to Antibiotics, and therefore VERY dangerous and deadly. People in hospitals are more likely to get MRSA. Has to enter your body through an open wound.

Question 33

Skin Burns

Answer 33

Tissue damage in which destroys cell proteins and causes cell death.

Causes: Heat, radiation, chemical, electricity.

Question 34

1st-degree burn

Answer 34

Burns only the epidermis (sunburn), redness and pain, no blistering.

Question 35

2nd-degree burn

Answer 35

Burns occurred in both the epidermis and the dermis. Redness, pain, blistering.

Question 36

3rd-degree burn

Answer 36

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed. Black or charred, damage to nerve endings, etc. (Exposire to direct fire.)

Question 37

Metastasize

Answer 37

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.