Unit 2 Terms

Question 1

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

Answer 1

Toward the head or upper end of the body; above.

Question 2

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 2

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below.

Question 3

Ventral (anterior)

Answer 3

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

Question 4

Dorsal (posterior)

Answer 4

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind.

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

Question 7

Intermediate

Answer 7

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment from a limb to the body trunk.

Question 10

Superficial (external)

Answer 10

Toward or at the body structure.

Question 11

Deep (internal)

Answer 11

Away from the body surface; more internal.

Question 12

Sagittal Plane

Answer 12

A vertical plane that passes through the body splitting it into left and right.

Question 13

Transverse Plane

Answer 13

A horizontal plane that passes through the body splitting the top and bottom.

Question 14

Frontal Plane

Answer 14

A vertical plane that passes through the body splitting the front and back.

Question 15

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 15

The cavity that houses the abdomen and pelvis.

Question 16

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 16

The cavity that houses the heart and lungs.

Question 17

Cranial Cavity

Answer 17

The cavity that houses the brain.

Question 18

Functions of Bones

Answer 18

1. Support
2. Protection
   3.Movement
3. Storage
4. Blood cell formation

Question 19

Process of healing a fracture

Answer 19

1. Hematoma forms
2. Fibrocartilage callus forms
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone remodeling occurs

Question 19

Skull bones

Answer 19

Cranium, facial
They are interlocking/immovable except for jaw.

Question 20

Vertebral Bones

Answer 20

Cervical (7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral, coccyx

Question 21

Pelvic Girdle Bones

Answer 21

consists of 2 Coccyx bones

Question 22

Thoracic Bones

Answer 22

clavicle, ribs, sternum, true ribs

Question 23

Limb bones

Answer 23

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

Question 24

X-ray

Answer 24

a photon (bundle of energy) which is without mass and has no charge. Is produced by propelling an electron toward a target.

Question 25

How does an x-ray work?

Answer 25

1. Electrons are exposed to large potential difference (voltage). They gain so much NRG that potential becomes kinetic. 2. They move rapidly toward the target and collide with a metal plate. The rapid loss of velocity release x-rays. 3.X-rays pass through the body, and an image of what they pass through is recorded.

Question 26

Attenuation

Answer 26

When x-rays don't pass through the medium. The greater the attenuation the brighter the bone.

Question 27

CT Scan

Answer 27

Takes multiple x-rays getting a cross section of the body.Is a 3d image. Helps to detect cancer and bone fragements.

Question 28

Properties of muscle cells

Answer 28

1. Excitability 2. Contractility 3. Extensibility 4. Elasticity

Question 29

Functions of Muscles

Answer 29

Movement, stability, generate heat, protect organs, moves substances (food)

Question 30

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 30

Attached to bone. Voluntary movement but can be reflexive. Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, striated, responds quickly but tired easily.

Question 31

Fascicle

Answer 31

Thousands of fibres held together by tissue. Many fascicles make up a muscle.

Question 32

Smooth Muscle

Answer 32

Involuntary, no striations, found in the walls of hollow organs (stomach, bladder), lines passageways, contracts slow and smooth, single nucleus, two types are cylindrical and longitudinal, they take turns contracting to move the substance through the organ.

Question 33

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 33

Only found in heart, involuntary, striated, spiral or figure 8 shaped, contraction causes heart chambers to become smaller moving blood, one nucleus, contractions are controlled by pacemaker.

Question 34

Thorax Muscles

Answer 34

Pectoralis Rhomboids Latissimus Dorsi

Question 35

Abdominal Muscles

Answer 35

Rectus abdominis External obliques Internal obliques Transverse Abdominals

Question 36

Shoulder Muscles

Answer 36

Trapezius Deltoid

Question 37

Arm Muscles

Answer 37

Tricep Bicep

Question 38

Leg Muscles

Answer 38

Glutes Quadriceps Hamstrings Soleus Gastrocnemius

Question 39

Tendon

Answer 39

a tough fibre that attaches muscle to bone

Question 40

Ligament

Answer 40

a tough fibre that attaches bones together

Question 41

Joint

Answer 41

the point at which two bones meet, (not all bones have joints)

Question 42

Pathology

Answer 42

the study of the essential nature of diseases and the structural and functional changes produced by them

Question 43

Pathological disorder

Answer 43

disruptors of the normal functions of organs of the body due to disease, illness, or damage.

Question 44

Homeostasis

Answer 44

the body's ability to maintain relatively stable conditions, though the outside environment is always changing.