Unit 2- Terms regarding the body Flashcards
(21 cards)
Name the Cardiovascular/ Circulatory System Terms
Angina pectoris
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Hypertension
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Pericardium/ Pericardial Sac
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Name the Digestive/ Gastrointestinal System Terms
Crohn’s Disease
Diverticulosis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Peptic ulcers
Ulcerative Colitis
Name the Endocrine System Terms
Diabetes
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Name the Integumentary System Terms
Cellulitis
Dermatitis: Eczema, Contact dermatitis;
Fungal Infections: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm;
Pressure injuries
Shingles
Name the Musculoskeletal System Terms
Abductor (Abduction) Wedge (Pillow)
Amputations
Arthritis
Bursitis
Contractures
Foot Drop
Foot Board
Fractures
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoporosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Tendonitis
Total Hip Replacement (THR)
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
Trochanter Roll
Name the Nervous System Terms
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Epilepsy: Grand Mal Seizures, Petit Mal Seizures, Jacksonian Seizures;
Parkinson’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Name the Reproductive System Terms
Prostate gland
Name the Respiratory System Terms
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema;
Influenza
Tuberculosis (TB)
Name the Sensory System Terms
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Macular Degeneration (MD)
Meniere’s Disease
Name the Urinary System Terms
Anuria
Cystitis (bladder infection)
Dysuria
Polyuria
Oliguria
Nocturia
Urinary incontinence
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Cardiovascular/ Circulatory
Includes: Heart, blood vessels, blood
Functions: Carries O2 and nutrients to cells; Carries CO2 & waste products away
Changes with age: Heart may not pump effectively, blood vessels are less elastic which can lead to an increase of blood pressure, heart disease is a risk with age, Weight gain and edema because of too much fluid in the body.
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain, pressure, or tightness due to narrowed coronary arteries which temporarily reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries resulting from plaque accumulation inside the artery walls which narrows the pathway within the arteries causing increase blood pressure.
Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries which decreases the elasticity of the artery walls and leads to an increase in blood pressure.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): A condition in which the heart does not pump effectively enough to empty completely. Blood from the heart can back up into the abdomen and lower extremities causing edema/swelling or into the lungs causing congestion and dyspnea.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): A condition in which narrowed coronary arteries reduces the flow of blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself.
Hypertension: An abnormally high blood pressure- 130/80 or higher
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Also known as a heart attack, a condition in which a coronary artery is blocked, preventing any oxygen or nutrients to the heart muscle part the blockage which results in the affected heart muscle to die
Pericardium/ Pericardial Sac: A protective membrane that surrounds the heart.
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD): Poor circulation/ blood flow that affects blood vessels outside of the hart but most commonly affects the legs and feet.
Digestive/ Gastrointestinal System
Crohn’s Disease: An inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and damage of the intestines.
Diverticulosis: A condition of having pouches in the large intestine called diverticula.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A condition in which stomach acid enters the esophagus (gastric reflux) causing burning in the throat.
Peptic ulcers: Sores in the stomach that can be painful.
Ulcerative Colitis: An inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and sores/ ulcers in the large intestine
Endocrine System
Diabetes: A condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin which results in elevated blood sugar.
Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar.
Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar.
Polydipsia: Excessive thirst.
Polyphagia: Excessive hunger
Polyuria: Excessive urination.
Integumentary System
Cellulitis: Bacterial skin infection that appears most commonly on the legs, arms, or face.
Dermatitis: A general term that means inflammation or irritation of the skin.
-Eczema: A type of dermatitis that causes an itchy, bumpy patches of skin.
-Contact dermatitis: A type of dermatitis that causes an itchy, bumpy rash that may have blisters that drain.
Fungal Infections: A fungal infection of the skin.
-Athlete’s foot: The most common type of fungal infection. Skin becomes red, itchy, flaky, and peels between the toes.
-Ringworm: A reddened, circular fungal skin rash that looks like a red ring that is clear in the center.
Pressure injuries/pressure sores: A skin injury due to the lack of blood flow resulting from unrelieved pressure.
Shingles: Red, painful, itchy rash with fluid filled blisters caused by the Varicella Zoster virus.
Musculoskeletal System
Abductor wedge: A device that keeps the resident’s legs properly aligned to support the hip joint.
Amputations: The removal of body parts by surgery, most often, all or part of an upper or lower extremity.
Arthritis: Inflammation and swelling of joints that causes pain and a decrease in mobility.
Bursitis: Inflammation of bursae (fluid filled sacs that provide cushion in the joints) that causes pain and limited ROM.
Contractures: A permanent shortening/contracting of muscles.
Foot Drop: A type of contracture; resident is unable to lift the top part of the foot.
Foot Board: A device used to prevent foot drop that can be attached to the foot of the bed to keep the feet properly positioned.
Fractures: Broken bones that can occur due to falls or other accidents.
Osteoarthritis (OA): Arthritis resulting from wear and tear of the joints.
Osteoporosis: Bone loss that causes bones to be weak, porous, and brittle.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A type of arthritis that is an autoimmune disease resulting in the body attacking its own cells. RA can result in debilitating joint deformities, pain, and swelling.
Tendonitis: Inflammation of the tendons that causes pain where the affected tendon is located.
Total Hip Replacement (THR): Surgical replacement of the hip joint due to wearing of the joint, injury, or fracture.
Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Surgical replacement of the knee joint due to wearing of the joint, injury, or fracture.
Trochanter Roll: A device that is placed alongside the outside of the resident’s hips and legs to prevent the hips from rotating externally (away from the midline of the body).
Nervous System
Includes: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Function: Coordinates all body functions
Changes with age: Blood flow to brain decreases, diseases such as alzheimer’s or parkinson’s is likely to occur, reaction time to stimuli decreases
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): A condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain, also called a stroke or a brain attack.
Epilepsy: A condition that causes seizures due to abnormal electrical impulses in the brain.
-Grand Mal Seizures: A severe seizure that causes loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. Loss of bowel and bladder control may also occur.
-Petit Mal Seizures (Absence Seizures): A mild seizure that affects only a small part of the brain. The seizure may not even be noticeable and include a brief, blank stare.
-Jacksonian Seizures: A mild seizure that affects a small part of the brain and consciousness is maintained.
Parkinson’s Disease: A progressive, degenerative disease of the nervous system that includes symptoms like tremors, muscle rigidity, and shuffling gait.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A progressive disease in which the protective covering of the nerve cells (myelin sheath) breaks down which causes nerve cells to lose the ability to function normally resulting in symptoms like numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue.
Reproductive System
Prostate gland: A gland that surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder in males that become enlarged and interfere with the flow of urine through the urethra.
Respiratory System
Asthma: A chronic condition involving narrowing of the airways that causes symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A chronic condition for which there is no cure, gets worse over time, and is most common in smokers. COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
-Chronic bronchitis: Continual inflammation of the lining of the bronchi.
-Emphysema: A chronic condition that affects the bronchioles (smaller airways that branch off the bronchi) and alveoli (air sacs that branch off the bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place). Alveoli lose elasticity which interferes with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Influenza: A contagious viral infection known as “the flu” that causes symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, body aches, and fatigue.
tuberculosis (TB): A contagious infection caused by bacteria that affects the lungs but may affect other organs.
Sensory System
Cataracts: A condition resulting in a cloudiness of the lens of the eye that interferes with vision and may result in blindness.
Glaucoma: A condition that causes increased pressure inside the eye that can result in blindness if not treated.
Macular Degeneration (MD): A condition that causes a decrease in frontal vision that develops slowly. Residents with MD may see a dark or blurred spot in front of them, objects may appear dim, and lines may appear distorted. Peripheral vision is not affected.
Meniere’s Disease: A condition that affects the pressure of the inner ear leading to periods of severe dizziness (vertigo), ringing of the ears (tinnitus), and nausea and vomiting.
Urinary System
Anuria: absence of urination.
Chronic Renal Failure (Kidney failure): A condition where the kidneys are unable to remove waste products from the blood/body.
Cystitis (bladder infection): A bacterial infection of just the bladder.
Dysuria: difficult or painful urination.
Polyuria: excessive urination (more than 3,000mL in 24 hours).
Oliguria: Urinating frequently during the night.
Nocturia: Urinating frequently during the night.
Urinary incontinence: A decrease in the ability to control when urine leaves the body.
Urinary tract infection (UTI): An infection of any part of the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra) which is caused by bacteria.
