Unit 2 test

Question 1

Cabinet Departments

Answer 1

an agency created by Congress that generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy. Major Administration Units with responsibility for broad area of government.

Question 2

Government Agencies

Answer 2

permanent/semi-permanent organization in the machinery responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an intelligence agency.

Question 3

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Answer 3

a public authority or government agency responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity

Question 4

Government Corporations

Answer 4

Company owned by the government and operates with the same independence of a private business (owners=gov.)

Question 5

Issue Network

Answer 5

alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause/agenda in a way that influences government policy.

Question 6

Iron Triangle

Answer 6

unique relationship between bureaucracy, congressmen, and lobbyists

Question 7

Patronage

Answer 7

dispensation of favors or rewards such as public office, jobs, contracts, subsidies, prestige or other valued benefits by a patron.

Question 8

Civil Service

Answer 8

a system or method of appointing government employees on the basis of competitive examinations, rather than by political patronage

Question 9

Methods of Congressional Oversight of Bureaucracy

Answer 9

a method of supervison of federal bureaucracy. Appropriations and legislative committees. Legislative veto. Congressional investigation

Question 10

“Power of the puse”

Answer 10

influence that legislatures have over public policy because of their power to vote money for public purpose.

Question 11

Regulation

Answer 11

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context.

Question 12

Deregulation

Answer 12

Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere. It is the repeal of governmental regulation of the economy.

Question 13

Bureaucracy Role in Policy Implementation

Answer 13

Implementation. Administration. Regulation. They interpret the meaning of the law.

Question 14

Bureaucracy

Answer 14

a body of non-elective government officials and an administrative policy-making group.

Question 15

Role of Bureaucrats

Answer 15

Implementation: process of putting a law in effect. Administration. and Regulation

Question 16

Gerrymandering

Answer 16

boundaries of electoral districts in a way that gives one party an unfair advantage over its rivals

Question 17

Reapportionment

Answer 17

the redistribution of representation in a legislative body.

Question 18

Redistricting

Answer 18

process of redrawing legislative districts

Question 19

Baker vs Carr

Answer 19

landmark Supreme Court case that decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases

Question 20

Shaw vs Reno

Answer 20

Supreme Court case ruled 5-4 that redistrict based on race must be held to a standard of strict serpentine under the equal protection clause

Question 21

Warren Court

Answer 21

period in the history of the Supreme Court of the U.S. during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice

Question 22

Stare decisis

Answer 22

A principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.

Question 23

Article III of the Constitiution

Answer 23

established the judicial branch of the federal government. The judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court of the U.S. and lower courts os created by congress

Question 24

Federalist No. 78

Answer 24

essay by Alexander Hamilton. Written to explicate and justify the structure of the judiciary under the proposed Constitiution of the U.S first of 6 essays

Question 25

Marbury vs Madison

Answer 25

U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, states, and some, government actions that contravene the U.S

Question 26

Precedent

Answer 26

principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.

Question 27

Judicial Activism

Answer 27

judicial rulings that are suspected of being based on personal opinion, rather than an existing law.

Question 28

Judicial Restraint

Answer 28

a belief that judges should limit the use of their power to strike down laws, or to declare them unfair or unconstitutional, unless there is a clear conflict with the Constitiution.

Question 29

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 29

power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.

Question 30

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 30

power of a higher court to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts. Most appellate jurisdiction is legislative created, and may consist of appeals by leave of the appellate court or by right

Question 31

Amicus Curiae Breifs

Answer 31

someone who is not a party to a case and may or may not have been solicited by a party and who assists a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case; and is typically presented in the form of a breif.

Question 32

Senatorial Courtesy

Answer 32

custom whereby presidential appointments are confirmed only if there is no objection to them by the senator from the appointee's state, especially from the senator of the presidents party from that state.

Question 33

Judicial Review

Answer 33

a procedure by which a court can review an administrative action by a public body and secure a declaration, order, or award.

Question 34

The Burger Court

Answer 34

Supreme Court case when Warren Burger served as Chief Justice of the U.S.

Question 35

The Rehnquist and Roberts Courts

Answer 35

when William Rehnquist served as Chief Justice of the U.S (1986-2005)

Question 36

Political Questions

Answer 36

signifies a determination by a court, especially the Supreme Court, that an issue raised about the conduct of public business is a "political" issue to be determined by the legislature or the executive branch and not by the courts

Question 37

Restrictions on the Supreme Court

Answer 37

it must have authority to interpret the constitution about its further appellate jurisdiction defined by law.

Question 38

Merit System

Answer 38

process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections.

Question 39

U.S. Supreme Court

Answer 39

the highest federal court in the U.S., consisting of nine justices and taking judicial precedence over all other courts in the nation.