UNIT 2 Test: Revolution Itself Flashcards
1
Q
- Took place during the 1730’s-1740’s in colonial America
- Movement rooted in spiritual growth
- Brought a national identity to Colonial America
A
The Great Awakening
2
Q
- said speech “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
- Preacher who is thought to have started the revivals in Massachusetts
- Set the stage for other preachers in colonies
A
Jonathan Edwards
3
Q
- Big-name preacher in London made trips to America
- Became an itinerant evangelist
- Given credit for starting the Great Awakening
A
George Whitefield
4
Q
- Underminded the powerful clergy
- Laid the foundation for anti-intellectualism as part of American character
A
Outcomes of the Great Awakening
5
Q
- Dispute between France & England over English expansion
- Native Americans chose the French side because of the fur trade
A
Seven years’ war / French Indians vs. British
6
Q
- Fertile Land
- Claimed by both France and England
- Largely unsettled
A
Ohio River Valley
7
Q
- Opening battle of the war
- French Fort built in western Pennsylvania
- VA governor sends young George Washington to attack and capture the fort
- Has to surrender when no backup comes
A
Fort Duquesne
8
Q
- Bill signed to end the 7 years war
- The French must leave the United States
- British win
A
Treaty of Paris
9
Q
- Native Americans launch attacks on forts along the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes
- Goal was to scare British and lure the French back to fight again
- Fail within 6 months after running out of ammo and supplies
A
Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763
10
Q
- A document that orders colonial settlers to remain east of the Appalachian mountains
- Did not work
A
Proclamation Line of 1763
11
Q
- Series of laws established to control colonial trade
- All goods must pass through English ports before going to colonies
- Some goods could only be exported to England such as Tobacco
A
Navigation Acts 1650-1673
12
Q
- Colonists were forced to trade with Britain and pay taxes every time they sell or buy
A
Mercantilism
13
Q
- Renewed old sugar tax and assigned people to collect tax on sugar
A
Sugar Act 1764
14
Q
- Bill passed that allowed British troops to live in your house
- The British required that the Colonists provide everything the troops needed
A
Quartering Acts 1765
15
Q
- Required colonists to pay a direct tax on almost all printed materials
- Alienated the educated colonists
A
March 1765 - Stamp Act
16
Q
- Colonial Representatives met in New York
- Sent list of grievances to the King saying they didn’t have representation and shouldn’t have to pay taxes
A
Stamp Act Congress: October 7-25, 1765
17
Q
- American Patriots formed a group to protect the rights of colonists
- Goal: Intimidate tax collectors
A
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
18
Q
- The British government repealed the Stamp Act
- said they still had authority to govern the colonies
A
Declaratory Act - 1766
19
Q
- Many laws clustered together
- Main purpose was to make money for england
- Taxes on glass,paint,lead,oil,paper,tea
A
Townshend Acts - June, 1767
20
Q
- On February 22, 1770, an 11-year-old boy, Christopher Sneider, Was shot and killed by a British customs officer
- On March 5th, 1770 Colonists rioted and British opened fire on the crowd
- News spread like wildfire
A
Boston Massacre: March 1770
21
Q
- Shut down the port of Boston
- Reassertion of British troops being housed by Colonists
A
Intolerable / Coercive Acts - March 1774
22
Q
- Delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philly
- Announced a boycott of all British goods & began arming
- The Colonies are working together
- “An attack on one of us, is an attack on All of us” - George wash
A
First Continental Congress: Sept. 1774
23
Q
- Britain trying to secretly take over a weapons storage unit near Boston
- Paul Revere & others (minutemen) rally support & fight back
- Colonists defeat British in sneak attack
- First shots are fired
A
Lexington & Concord: April 1775
24
Q
March, 1775: Patrick henry gives his “Give me liberty or give me death speech”
A
March, 1775: Patrick henry gives his “Give me liberty or give me death speech”
25
- Divided at first, New England wanted independence, others less sure
- Washington appointed commander
Second Continental Congress: May, 1775
26
- Written to George III
- Second Continental Congress is trying to wage war while also seeking a settlement
- Pledged loyalty to GB, Ask king for protection of colonial and peace
Olive Branch Petition: July 1775
27
- England is abusive and not helping colonists. It is time to cut ties.
- Monarchy is wrong and against fundamental nature.
January 1776 - Thomas Paine “Common Sense”
28
- Remained loyal to Britain because of cultural & economic ties
- Didn’t want to be punished if Britain won
Loyalists/
Tories
29
- A well-trained & equipped army
- Finest navy in the world
- Assistance from Loyalists, some African Americans, most Indians, and 30,000 German mercenaries called Hessians
British Strengths
30
- The war was unpopular in Britain
- British troops had to fight in land they weren’t familiar & bring supplies with
British Weaknesses
31
- Fighting on their own territory
- Officers had experience from the French & Indian War
- By 1778 most states start to enlist African American troops, a practice Congress was originally against (5% of army)
American Strengths
32
- Lacked a full time, well equipped and effective fighting force.
- No Money
- Weak Navy
American Weaknesses
33
- Former Prussian Officer
- Essential in training the Continental
- Army at Valley Forge
Friedrich Wilhelm Baron von Steuben
34
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