Unit 2 Test: Vocab

Question 1

The scientific study of heredity

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

A specific characteristic used to describe an organism

Answer 2

Trait

Question 3

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Answer 3

Hybrid

Question 4

The different forms of a gene

Answer 4

Allele

Question 5

The separation of alleles during gamete formation

Answer 5

Segregation

Question 6

Physical characters or trait

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

Genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 7

Genetype

Question 8

When one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 8

Incomplete dominance

Question 9

When both alleles contribute to the phenotype

Answer 9

Codominance

Question 10

When individual genes have more than two alleles

Answer 10

Multiple alleles

Question 11

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

Answer 11

Polygenic traits

Question 12

process of reductive division where the number of chromosomes are cut in half

Answer 12

Meisois

Question 13

Unit containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base, makes up DNA

Answer 13

Nucleotide

Question 14

DNA and proteins packed together, which makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 14

Chromatin

Question 15

Duplication of DNA by copying

Answer 15

Replication

Question 16

Enzyme that joins nucleotides together and proofreads the DNA strand during replication

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

A type of RNA that is responsible for caring instructions (MRNA)

Answer 17

Messenger RNA

Question 18

RNA that transfers each amino acid to its specific ribosome (tRNA)

Answer 18

Transfer RNA

Question 19

Production of RNA by copying the nucletide sequence of DNA

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

Specific base sequences where RNA polymerase binds during transcription

Answer 20

Promoter

Question 21

Sequences of nucleotides that are NOT involved in coding proteins

Answer 21

Intron

Question 22

Sequences of nucleotides that are involved in coding proteins

Answer 22

Exon

Question 23

Process of producing proteins by attaching amino acids together

Answer 23

Translation

Question 24

Set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order of pairs

Answer 24

Karyotype

Question 25

Chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex

Answer 25

Sex Chromosome

Question 26

Chromosomes that DO NOT determine an organism’s sex

Answer 26

Autosome

Question 27

Chart that shows the relationships within a family, used to track genetic disorders and traits.

Answer 27

Pedigree

Question 28

Gene that is located on the X or Y chromosome

Answer 28

Sex-linked gene

Question 29

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to seperate

Answer 29

Nondisjunction

Question 30

Principle that states that adenine/thymine base pair and that guanine/cytosine base pair

Answer 30

Chargaff's rule

Question 31

Is the name of enzyme that unzips DNA during replication

Answer 31

Helicase