Unit 2: The Civil War and Reconstruction

Question 1

abolitionist (2.1)

Answer 1

people who wanted to end slavery

Question 2

Cotton gin (2.1)

Answer 2

invented by Eli Whitney, this machine separates the cotton fiber from the seeds. This resulted in the growth of slavery as cotton production became more profitable

Question 3

Dred Scott v. Sandford (2.1)

Answer 3

One of the most famous cases involving the Fugitive Slave Act

Question 4

emancipation (2.1)

Answer 4

release or free from slavery

Question 5

Reconstruction (2.1)

Answer 5

the time period after the U.S. Civil War

Question 6

secede (2.1)

Answer 6

leave the Union of states or the United States

Question 7

sectionalism (2.1)

Answer 7

when people feel more loyalty to their local region than they feel to the greater nation

Question 8

tariffs (2.1)

Answer 8

taxes imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country

Question 9

close reading (2.2)

Answer 9

taking your time to read, then re-read a source, multiple times if needed, to notice the details and language the author uses and why the author chose that language

Question 10

contextualization (2.2)

Answer 10

helps you understand the time period a source was created so you can understand the way people viewed the world and what conditions they lived in

Question 11

corroboration (2.2)

Answer 11

helps you establish how reliable and true a source may be

Question 12

indentured servants (2.2)

Answer 12

people under a legal obligation to work for a certain amount of time with no wages to pay off a debt or fulfill an agreement

Question 13

self-emancipated (2.2)

Answer 13

freeing oneself from bondage, usually by running away

Question 14

sourcing (2.2)

Answer 14

help you understand the creator of a source

Question 15

Underground Railroad (2.2)

Answer 15

a network of abolitionists who aided freedom seekers via secret escape routes to lands where slavery was illegal, such as Northern states, Canada, and Mexico

Question 16

Kansas-Nebraska Act (2.4)

Answer 16

Passed in 1854, it split the unorganized territory into two parts – Kansas and Nebraska. It also allowed settlers to decide on if their new state would allow slavery through popular sovereignty

Question 17

Know-Nothing Party (2.4)

Answer 17

a political party and movement during the mid-1850s that focused on issues of labor rights and was opposed to immigration, particularly those people of the Catholic faith and immigration from China

Question 18

popular sovereignty (2.4)

Answer 18

the people are the authority in a government and are the rightful power to make laws through their votes

Question 19

Pottawatomie Massacre (2.4)

Answer 19

John Brown, along with his sons, retaliated for the Sacking of Lawrence on May 24–25, 1856. They killed five proslavery settlers associated with the attacks

Question 20

Republican Party (2.4)

Answer 20

was formed in response to the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. It was founded as an antislavery party with support from abolitionists, Free Soilers, and Whigs

Question 21

Whig Party (2.4)

Answer 21

was formed in the 1830s and was the main opposition to the Democratic Party

Question 22

Anaconda Plan (2.5)

Answer 22

The Union’s war strategy developed by Winfield Scott. It involved a blockade of southern ports, and the capture of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in half

Question 23

Emancipation Proclamation (2.5)

Answer 23

an executive order to end slavery in some parts of the country drafted by President Lincoln in 1862 and issued in 1863

Question 24

Black Dispatches (2.5)

Answer 24

intelligence gathering of enslaved and free African Americans who worked as spies during the Civil War

Question 25

casualties (2.5)

Answer 25

the numbers of wounded or killed troops

Question 26

13th Amendment (2.6)

Answer 26

Passed in 1865, this amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States, except when someone was convicted of a crime

Question 27

abolition movement (2.2)

Answer 27

the movement to end slavery

Question 28

Election of 1860 (2.4)

Answer 28

Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln. Democrats were split. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas. Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge. Lincoln won in a landslide, but his victory triggered the Southern States to secede.

Question 29

Inflation (2.6)

Answer 29

when the prices of goods and services rise, resulting in the value of currency decreasing

Question 30

Battle of Gettysburg (2.6)

Answer 30

Confederate General Robert E. Lee invades the northern town of Gettysburg, PA in an attempt to crush the spirit of the Union and bring an end to the war. The Union successfully defend the town, and Confederate troops will never again be able to invade a northern state. Considered the turning point of the war

Question 31

Battle of Vicksburg (2.6)

Answer 31

Captured on July 4, 1863 just one day after Gettysburg ends. For months Union soldiers laid siege to the Mississippi River town. Starving Confederate soldiers surrender the town that allows the Union to control the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two

Question 32

Gettysburg Address (2.6)

Answer 32

A 2-minute speech delivered by Lincoln dedicating the Gettysburg battlefield to the Union soldiers who fought there. This speech also identifies the purpose for the war

Question 33

Total War (2.6)

Answer 33

using all the resources of society to wage war on an enemy target, military or civilian. The objective is to destroy the resources of the enemy, as well as their will to fight

Question 34

Disenfranchisement (2.10)

Answer 34

to deprive a person of the right to vote

Question 35

suffrage (2.10)

Answer 35

the right to vote

Question 36

Radical Republicans

Answer 36

Republican members of Congress that dislike President Andrew Johnson because he was sympathetic to the South. They defeated President Johnson’s attempt to veto stricter Reconstruction laws.

Question 37

Compromise of 1877

Answer 37

Agreement that ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal (Union) troops from southern states. In exchange, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was selected as president