Unit 2 Topic 2 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Question 0

Define non-renewable.

Answer 0

Cannot be replaced in a human lifetime and will eventually run out.

Question 1

Define fossil fuel.

Answer 1

Fuels which were formed from dead animals and plants which were compressed for millions of years, eg. lignite, oil, coal, peat, natural gas.

Question 2

Define renewable resources.

Answer 2

Resources which will replenish itself naturally in a human lifetime.

Question 3

Explain how a fractionating column separates crude oil.

Answer 3

Heated crude oil is added at the bottom of the fractionating column at 350 degrees. It then travels up, slowly getting cooler. Every so often the distilite is removed.

Question 4

What is gasoline used for?

Answer 4

Fuel for cars.

Question 5

What is naphtha used for?

Answer 5

Making chemicals.

Question 6

What is kerosine used for?

Answer 6

Aviation fuel.

Question 7

What is diesel oil used for?

Answer 7

Fuel for cars, lorries and buses.

Question 8

What is fuel oil for?

Answer 8

Fuel for ships and power station.

Question 9

What is bitumen tar used for?

Answer 9

Bitumen for roads and roofs.

Question 10

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 10

A compound which only contains carbon and hydrogen.

Question 11

In fractional distillation, crude oil is separated into different fractions, according to what property?

Answer 11

Boiling point.

Question 12

State the relationship of boiling point and the number of carbons in the molecule.

Answer 12

The more carbons, the higher the boiling point.

Question 13

Most of the fractions are used for fuel. Which is the exception and is used to produce chemicals?

Answer 13

Naphtha

Question 14

Outline the main causes of oil spills and how they are treated.

Answer 14

Extraction and transport can cause spills and they are being treated by being sprayed with chemicals, so that they can be decomposed by bacteria.

Question 15

Define a homologous series.

Answer 15

A family of organic molecules that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties, a gradation in their physical properties and they differ by a CH2 unit.

Question 16

What is the simplest homologous series?

Answer 16

Alkanes.

Question 17

What is the general formula of the alkanes?

Answer 17

Cn H2n + 2

Question 18

What is the second homologous series?

Answer 18

Alkenes.

Question 19

What is the general formula of the alkenes?

Answer 19

Cn H2n

Question 20

What is the first member of the alkenes?

Answer 20

Ethene because there must be 2 carbons in an alkene.

Question 21

!!! What happens if ethene is bubbled through a test tube of bromine water? !!!!

Answer 21

!!! The bromine water quickly goes from orange-brown to colourless as the bromine is able to add across the double bond in the alkene. !!!

Question 22

Why does bromine water change colour when an alkene is bubbled through it?

Answer 22

It changes colour as it is not saturated and the double bond between the carbons can be split.

Question 23

Why is PVC used to insulate electrical cables?

Answer 23

It does not conduct electricity.

Question 24

Why is PVC used to make window frames, drainpipes and guttering?

Answer 24

It is water proofed and doesn't rust.

Question 25

List the benefits of modern materials (5):

Answer 25

1) Water/chemical proof 2) Cheaper 3) Long-lasting 4) less dense 5) good insulators

Question 26

What does non biodegradable mean?

Answer 26

Cannot be broken down by microbes.

Question 27

What is the general formula of alcohols?

Answer 27

Cn H2n + 1 OH

Question 28

State 3 uses of ethanol.

Answer 28

1) to make alcoholic drinks 2) as a solvent 3) as a fuel

Question 29

How is ethanol prepared? (Detailed)

Answer 29

Yeast is mixed with some sugar solution and left in a warm place without oxygen for a few days. Enzymes in the yeast then convert the sugar to ethanol and carbondioxide.

Question 30

How concentrated does ethanol get through the process of fermentation?

Answer 30

12 - 15%

Question 31

How can highly concentrated ethanol be made?

Answer 31

Fractional distillation.

Question 32

C2H5OH + 3O2 = ?

Answer 32

2CO2 + 3H2O

Question 33

What happens if ethanol is exposed to air for a time?

Answer 33

It is oxidised to ethanoic acid. That's why wine turns to vinegar when left open in bottle.

Question 34

What is beer made from and what % of ethanol does it contain?

Answer 34

Barley, 3%

Question 35

What is wine made of and what % ethanol does it contain?

Answer 35

Grapes, 13%

Question 36

Why is drinking alcohol harmful to people's health?

Answer 36

It causes heart disease, cyrrosis and brain damage.

Question 37

Why is it hard for an alcoholic to stop drinking?

Answer 37

Alcohol is addictive.

Question 38

What is the legal limit for driving a car?

Answer 38

80 milligrams per 100 cm3 of blood.

Question 39

Describe the original breathalyser test.

Answer 39

Potassium dichromate crystals turn from orange to green when exposed to the breath of someone who had been drinking.

Question 40

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

Answer 40

CnH2n + 1 COOH

Question 41

What is ethanoic acid commonly known as?

Answer 41

Vinegar

Question 42

What chemical tests identify chemical bonds?

Answer 42

Bromine water

Question 43

What chemical test identifies acid?

Answer 43

Litmus paper or universal indicator.

Question 44

What chemical test identifies ethanol?

Answer 44

Potassium dichromate turns orange to green in the presence of ethanol.

Question 45

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Answer 45

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