Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Biology > Unit 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Element

A

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compound

A

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trace elements

A

Elements indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge), found in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleus

A

(1) An atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atomic mass

A

The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isotope

A

One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost electron shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Covalent bond

A

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polar bond

A

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, make it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nonpolar bond

A

A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electronegativity

A

The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Van der Waals interactions

A

Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reactants

A

Staring materials in a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Products

A

Ending materials in a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cohesion

Study These Flashcards
A

The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

25
Adhesion
The attraction between different kinds of molecules
26
Surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
27
Specific heat
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C
28
Solution
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
29
Solvent
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known. I'm
30
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
31
Hydrophilic
Having an affinity for water
32
Hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
33
Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
34
Base
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
35
pH
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log[H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14
36
Buffers
Substances that consist of acid and base form in a solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution
37
Organic chemistry
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds)
38
Hydrocarbons
Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
39
Functional groups
Specific configurations of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions
40
Macromolecule
A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules
41
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together
42
Monomer
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
43
Dehydration synthesis (for dehydration reaction)
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule
44
Hydrolysis
A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water
45
Carbohydrate (mono-, poly-, disaccharides)
A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides)
46
Starch
A storage of polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose
47
Glycogen
An extensively beached glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
48
Cellulose
A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by B-1, 4-glycosidic linkages
49
Fatty acid
A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat
50
Triglyceride
A lipid molecule made up of one unit of glycerol and three fatty acids
51
Saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton
52
Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton
53
Phospholipid
A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
54
Cholesterol
A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids
55
Enzyme
A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
56
Catalyst
A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
57
Protein
A three dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids
58
Amino acids
Organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acid serve as the monomers of proteins
59
Denaturation
In proteins a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native confirmation thereby becoming biologically and active. In DNA the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Do you naturalization occurs under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration and temperature

AP Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions