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Geography Core 7 > Unit 2: What are the causes of global warming? Human Causes > Flashcards

Unit 2: What are the causes of global warming? Human Causes Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

mining of fossil fuels emit

A

methane

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2
Q

fossil fuels are being used more in

A
  1. power generation
  2. powering cars
  3. industrial production
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3
Q

burning fossil fuels emit

A

Co2, N2o

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4
Q

what is a primary constituent of natural gas

A

methane

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5
Q

what is released when natural gas is burnt

A

methane

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6
Q

how is methane released when mining/burning fossil fuels

A

when natural gas is burnt

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7
Q

why deforestation

A

obtain land for agricultural purposes

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8
Q

result of burning process

A

releases co2 into atmosphere

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9
Q

deforestation results to

A

fewer trees available for absorbing carbon in the atmosphere
-> increase concentration of co2 in atmosphere

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10
Q

cattle ranching effects

A

release:
co2 during respiration
methane during digestive process

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11
Q

what agriculture activity releases methane into the atmosphere

A

wet rice cultivation + anaerobic decomposition

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12
Q

result of wet rice cultivation

A

release methane into atmosphere

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13
Q

result of anaerobic decomposition

A

releases methane into atmosphere

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14
Q

how is N2o released into the atmosphere for agriculture

A
  1. use of nitrogen fertilisers
  2. burning organic wastes
  3. decomposition of manure + urine produced by
    - pigs
    - chickens
    - cattle
    on poultry and cattle farms
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15
Q

side effect of nitrogen fertilisers

A

release n2o into the atmosphere

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16
Q

side effect of burning organic wastes

A

release n2o into the atmosphere

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17
Q

side effects of production of chemical fertilisers

A

releases co2 into atmosphere

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18
Q

side effects of production of pesticides

A

releases co2 into the atmosphere

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19
Q

what releases co2 into the atmosphere for agriculture

A
  1. production of chemical fertilisers
  2. production of pesticides
  3. use of farm machines
  4. irrigation system powered by fossil fuels
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20
Q

what does decomposition of manure and urine produced by farm animals emit

A

large amounts of n2o

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21
Q

side effects of use of farm machines

A

release co2 into atmosphere

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22
Q

side effects of irrigation system powered by fossil fuels

A

releases co2 into atmosphere

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23
Q

how does agriculture increase concentration of co2 into atmosphere

A

involves change of land cover
-> less co2 is absorbed
-> increase concentration

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24
Q

how is methane released into the atmosphere from garbage treatment

A

garbage decomposition

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25
side effect of garbage decomposition in landfill
releases methane into atmosphere
26
side effects of garbage burned in incinerators
releases co2 and n2o into atmosphere
27
how is co2 released into the atmosphere from garbage treatment
garbage burned in incinerators
28
how is n2o released into the atmosphere from garbage treatment
garbage burned in incinerators
29
how is man-made greenhouse gases produced in industrial activities
manufacturing activities
30
production of nylon side effects
release n2o into atmosphere
31
side effects of manufacturing activities
man-made greenhouse gases
32
side effects of aluminium smelting and magnesium production
release 1. co2 2. pfcs 3. sf6 into atmosphere
33
side effects of production of foams, refrigerants and aerosol spray
release 1. n2o 2. cfcs 3. hfcs into atmosphere
34
what industrial activity releases n2o
production of foams, refrigerants and aerosol spray
35
what industrial activity releases cfcs
production of foams, refrigerants and aerosol spray
36
what industrial activity releases hfcs
production of foams, refrigerants and aerosol spray
37
what industrial activity releases co2 into the atmosphere
aluminium smelting and magnesium production
38
what industrial activity releases pfcs into the atmosphere
aluminium smelting and magnesium production
39
what industrial activity releases sf6 into the atmosphere
aluminium smelting and magnesium production
40
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after burning fossil fuels
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
41
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after Deforestation
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
42
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after Cattle ranching
1. Carbon Dioxide CO2 2. Methane
43
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after Rice Cultivation
Methane
44
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after use of nitrogen fertilisers + burning of organic wastes
Nitrous Oxide N2O
45
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after metal smelting/production
1. PFCs 2. SFs
46
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after the production of nylon
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
47
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after the use of incineration
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
48
what greenhouse gase(s) are released in landfills
Methane
49
what greenhouse gase(s) are released after mining
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
50
what human activities emit greenhouse gases
1. Burning Fossil Fuels 2. Deforestation 3. Agriculture (cattle ranching, rice cultivation, use of nitrogen fertilisers, burning of organic wastes) 4. Industry (Production of foams, refrigerants, nylon, aerosol spray, metal smelting/production) 5. Waste disposal (incineration + landfill) 6. Mining
51
what agriculture activities emit greenhouse gases
1. cattle ranching 2. rice cultivation 3. use of nitrogen fertilisers 4. burning of organic wastes
52
what industry activities emit greenhouse gases
Production of: 1. foams 2. refrigerants 3. nylon 4. aerosol spray 5. metal smelting/production
53
Natural causes of temperature change
changes in: 1. solar output 2. shape of the Earth's orbit 3. tilt of the Earth's axis --- amount of aerosols in the atmosphere
54
changes in solar output in temperature change
sun follows cycle -> releases different amounts of energy at different times sun emits more energy -> solar radiation reaching earths surface ⬆️ -> rise in global average temperature
55
amount of aerosols in atmosphere in temperature change
tiny particulates (e.g. volcanic eruptions, human activities) - can reflect radiation back into space -> reduce amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface (cooling effect)
56
cooling effect
aerosols reflect radiation back into space -> reduce amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface
57
examples of when Aerosols are released
1. volcanic eruptions 2. human activity
58
the three ways volcanic eruptions decrease air temperature
1. strong volcanic eruptions -> ejects large amount of ash + dust + gases -> small ash particles form a dark cloud -> shades sunlight 2. sulphur rich gases -> combines with water to form sulphuric acid aerosols -> make haze of tiny droplets that reflect incoming solar radiation ->> increase sunlight reaching earths surface -> cooling effect -> temperature drop 3. strong volcanic eruptions -> release Co2 + water vapour -> absorb short wave radiation -> more heat is retained -> decrease in air temperature
59
changes in the shape of the Earth's orbit in temperature change
shape goes from nearly circular -> elliptical and back again in very long cycle earth orbit most elliptical-> smallest difference in air temperature
60
changes in the tilt of the Earth's axis in temperature changes
obliquity changes over time range: 22.1-24.5 degrees
61
how does low obliquity affect the global average temperature?
1. cooler Northern summers -> less melting of snow and ice -> more snow and ice accumulated on Earth's surface 2. warmer northern winters -> warm air holds more moisture than cold air -> more snowfall ->> albedo of the Earth's surface increases -> solar radiation received by Earth's surface reduces -> lower global average temperature
62
how does high obliquity affect the global average temperature?
1. hotter northern summers -> more melting of snow and ice -> less snow and ice accumulated on the Earth's surface 2. Colder Northern Winters -> cold air holds less moisture than warm air -> less snowfall ->> albedo of the Earth's surface reduces -> solar radiation received by the Earth's surface ⬆️ -> higher global average temperature

Geography Core 7 (6 decks)

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