Unit 2.3: DNA Translation

Question 1

What is the start codon?

Answer 1

AUG

Question 2

AUG codes for what amino acid?

Answer 2

Methionine

Question 3

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 3

61 amino acids

Question 3

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 3

61 amino acids

Question 3

How many codons are there?

Answer 3

64 codons

Question 4

What are the stop codons?

Answer 4

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 5

In the tRNA molecule, what part is recognized by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

Answer 5

D Anticodon

Question 6

The 34th, 35th, and 36th nucleotides are called…

Answer 6

Anticodon Loops

Question 7

This is responsible for anchoring the tRNA to the large ribosomal unit.

Answer 7

T Arm

Question 8

In what end is the amino acid attached for the tRNA molecule?

Answer 8

3’

Question 9

What is the total weight for the large and small ribosomal subunits?

Answer 9

80S

Question 10

The sequence of Nucleotides that comes in triplet forms along the mRNA are called…

Answer 10

Codons

Question 11

The sequence of nucleotides that comes in triplet

Answer 11

Codons

Question 12

What are triplets of nucleotides that are complementary to the codon in the mRNA?

Answer 12

Anticodon

Question 13

What end of the tRNA molecule carries phosphate?

Answer 13

5’

Question 14

What end of the tRNA molecule carries hydroxyl?

Answer 14

3’

Question 15

In the 3’ end of the tRNA, what is the terminal sequence?

Answer 15

CCA

Question 16

The CCA tail is also known as…

Answer 16

Amino Acid Domain

Question 17

rue or False: DNA is read at 3’ to 5’ while RNA is read at 5’ to 3’.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The characteristic of the genetic code that states how translation occurs from end to end.

Answer 18

Comma Less

Question 19

Viruses take advantage of this specific characteristic of the genetic code to mutate.

Answer 19

Non-overlapping

Question 20

True or False: The ribosomes will always translate the mRNA by the codons and give one amino acid for it.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are the two exceptions for the rule of redundancy?

Answer 21

Non-redundant/Non-degenerate:
AUG (Methionine)
UGG (Tryptophan)

Question 22

True or False: We can always trace an amino acid back to its exact codon.

Answer 22

False

Question 22

This characteristic of the genetic code states that different codons may code for a single amino acid.

Answer 22

Redundancy/Degenerate

Question 23

The phenomenon wherein inosine is the first nucleotide in the anticodon.

Answer 23

Wobble Effect

Question 24

Inosine is complementary to:

Answer 24

Adenine, Uracil, cytosine

Question 25

True or False: Inosine decreases the rate of mutation because of its flexibility in terms of the complementary bases.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Part of the tRNA that contains modified nitrogenous bases in the form of ribothymidine and pseudourine.

Answer 26

T Arm

Question 27

This part enables the TRNA to tether to ribosomes to avoid it being wobbly as it enters elongation.

Answer 27

T Arm

Question 28

The part of the tRNA that contains modified nitrogenous base that is so unique is called dihydrouridine.

Answer 28

D Arm

Question 29

The D arm enables recognition of molecule through what enzyme?

Answer 29

Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase

Question 30

The 34th to the 36th sequence of nucleotides that make up the tRNA molecule.

Answer 30

Anticodon Loop

Question 31

When AMP and methionine are joined, it is called

Answer 31

S-adenosylmethionine

Question 32

How many arms do Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase have?

Answer 32

3

Question 33

The sizes of the ribosomal subunits may be expressed through...

Answer 33

Svedberg Units

Question 34

What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in Eukaryotes?

Answer 34

60S

Question 35

What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in Eukaryotes?

Answer 35

40S

Question 36

What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in Prokaryotes?

Answer 36

50S

Question 37

What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes?

Answer 37

30S

Question 38

What is the total of the large and small ribosomal subunits for prokaryotes?

Answer 38

70S

Question 39

What is the start codon for prokaryotic initiation?

Answer 39

n-formyl methionine (f-met)

Question 40

What is the sequence involved in the Shine Delgarno Sequence?

Answer 40

5'-GGAGGU-3'

Question 41

What are the three sites in the elongation process?

Answer 41

Aminoacyl Site (A) Peptidyl Site (P) Exit Site (E)

Question 42

In which site of elongation does the tRNA come?

Answer 42

Aminoacyl Site (A)

Question 43

This is known as the movement of the tRNA from the P site to the E site, A site to P site, etc.

Answer 43

Translocation

Question 44

This stage occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA is hit in the ribosome.

Answer 44

Termination

Question 45

Once a ribosome hits a particular stop codon, a ______________________ jumps into the A-site. They can recognize and bind to the stop codons and stop the translation process.

Answer 45

Release Factor

Question 46

True or False: Translation may occur in the ribosomes of the RER only.

Answer 46

False (+ free ribosomes)

Question 47

It is a series of 16-30 amino acid residues recognized by another unique molecule called the signal recognition protein/particle (SRP).

Answer 47

Signal Sequence

Question 48

Between the small and large ribosomal subunit, what decodes the mRNA?

Answer 48

small