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Health and social care > Unit 25 > Flashcards

Unit 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Weaknesses of quantitative methods

A

Limited results as less elaborate
Artificial environment
Presented answers may not reflect how a person truly feels

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2
Q

Examples of sources that might be used in a literature review

A

Textbook
Journals
Sector magazines
Government organisation websites
Leaflets
Census data
intetnet

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3
Q

Secondary research method examples

A

Journals
Books
Published stats

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4
Q

Examples of quantitative questions

A

true/false
1/2/3/4

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

research that collects and analyses data involving numbers and stats

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6
Q

Qualitative

A

Research that collects written data

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7
Q

Examples of qualitative

A

interviews
Open-ended questions

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8
Q

Primary research

A

Data collected by a researcher- original work

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9
Q

strengths of mixed methodology

A

Increases validity
Increases reliability
In-depth information

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10
Q

Weaknesses of mixed methodology

A

Time-consuming
Difficult to manage
Difficult to analyse

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11
Q

Strengths of primary research

A

Interactive
Researcher is in control
Looks at unanswered question

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12
Q

areas of research

A

healthcare
social care
child care

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13
Q

Examples of primary research

A

survey
observation
case study

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14
Q

areas of research in social care

A

interventions
social care policy
social care practices

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15
Q

areas of research in healthcare

A

treatments
health care policy
health care practices

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16
Q

areas of research in child care

A

child development
child care policy
child care practices

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17
Q

Mixed methodology

A

when qualitative and quantitative methods are used together

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18
Q

Secondary research

A

Research method that collates already published data

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19
Q

Weaknesses of primary data

A

Expensive
Time-consuming
May be a bias

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20
Q

Weaknesses of qualitative research

A

Time-consuming
answers may not be reliable if surveys are long
easy to influence peopl4

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21
Q

Validity

A

Measure of the quality of the data

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22
Q

Reliability

A

Measure of the quality of the method

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23
Q

Observations and types

A

Study of a persons behaviour
covert, overt, participant, non-participant

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24
Q

Weaknesses of secondary data

A

May be outdated
Information may be limited or hard to find
Not always credible
Findings may be biased

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25
Strengths of secondary research
Less time-consuming Inexpensive Backup data Can combine evidence
26
Strengths of quantitative data
Can be replicated Broader study Less likely to be bias Greater accuracy and objectivity
27
Confidentiality
To ensure that the personal information of an individual is only shared with those the individual has consented to
28
Weaknesses of observations
Things may be expensive Can be time-consuming Covert is seen as deceptive Overt may cause behaviour change
29
Focus groups
A group interview to gather information
30
Weaknesses of focus groups
Low reliability Relies on people sharing their thoughts Expensive Difficult to gather people
31
8 purposes of research
to improve outcomes to establish an evidence based for treatments/interventions to improve practice to inform policy to measure impact to increase knowledge and understanding to identify the needs of groups or individual to identify gaps in provision
32
strengths of qualitative methods
Data can be analysed Data is more detailed Attempts to avoid pre-judgements Creates openness
33
Strengths of random sampling
Free from researcher bias
34
Literature review
A systematic process where published materials relating to a single issue is analysed and collated into a single source
35
random sampling
When participants are selected by chance
36
Weaknesses of random sampling
Time-consuming Unrepresentative of target population Participants may refuse to take part`
37
Weaknesses of stratified sampling
participants may refuse to take part time-confusing complicated
38
Opportunity sampling
A selection of people who are willing to participate and readily available
39
Strengths of opportunity sampling
Convenient less time-consuming
40
Weaknesses of opportunity sampling
Unrepresentative of population Cannot be generalised Researcher bias
41
Stratified sampling
a form of sampling in which the composition of the sample reflects the proportion of people in certain sub-groups within the target population
42
Strengths of stratified sampling
Free from researcher bias representative generalisable
43
Strengths of focus groups
quick results lots of data high validity can save time easy to measure participant reaction
44
Strengths of observations
overt- more ethical natural environment= unbiased standardised procedure can be replicated Cheap
45
Ethics
Written statements relating to what is acceptable and unacceptable
46
Weaknesses of volunteer sampling
unrepresentative cannot be generalised researcher bias volunteer bias
47
Strengths of volunteer sampliing
convenient less time-consuming
48
Volunteer sampling
people choose to sign up to take part in research
49
Weaknesses of systematic sampling
Some participants may refuse to take part Requires a list of all participants May not be representative
50
Strengths of systematic sampling
free from researcher bias
51
systematic sampling
when researchers select participants based on regular intervals
52
Conflict of interest
it is important to know how an organisation was involved to understand if they influenced research
53
elements of Nuremburg code
voluntary consent is essential benefits must outweigh risks human experiments should be tested on animals should avoid suffering and injury shouldn't be conducted if believed to cause death/disability should make society better facilities should be clean and safe should be conducted by qualified scientists have the right to withdraw should stop if harm or death is likely to occur
54
What are questionnaires?
A preset series of question where respondents complete the answers
55
What are the strengths of questionnaires?
Easy to analyse Quick to answer Online questionnaires have a quick response rate
56
What are the weaknesses of questionnaires?
Low response can lead to an unfair sample The researcher only benefits if there is a good response rate Data may be unreliable in certain health and social care settings- daycare for individuals with dementia, schools with young children
57
What is a structured interview?
A questionnaire that the interviewer reads aloud and then records the answers
58
What are the strengths of structured interviews?
Specific to the research Easy to categorise answers
59
What are the weaknesses of structured interviews?
Information may not be detailed, especially if the questions are closed questions
60
What are semi-structured interviews?
A blend of structured and unstructured interviews. Questions are open-ended, allowing more freedom
61
Strengths of semi-structured interviews
Comparable Has the flexibility to ask follow-up questions
62
Weaknesses of semi-structured interviews
Risk of bias as may ask leading questions
63
What are unstructured interviews
No set questions, and laid out like a conversation
64
Strengths of unstructured interviews
Flexible Participants are more at ease Lower risk of bias
65
Weaknesses of unstructured interviews
Can be difficult to compare answers May stray away from the topic Risk of asking leading questions Time-consuming
66
What is action research
Research that practitioners carry out during their day to day work
67
Strengths of action research
Highly relevant to research to improve the HSC sector Can use mixed methodology Can gain in-depth knowledge on issues in HSC sector
68
Weaknesses of action research
Difficulty distinguishing between research and job Time-consuming Bias may be present
69
What is experimental method
Used to investigate different observations and hypotheses
70
Strengths of experimental method
Usually accurate Highly reliable
71
Weaknesses of experimental method
Expensive TIme-consuming Mistakes can be made
72
What are structured observations?
Uses a pre-determined checklist of behaviours and involves a coding system to record participants behaviour
73
Strengths of structured observations
Reliable-data can be replicated Comparing and analysing data is easier Can quantify data
74
Weaknesses of structured observation
Lack of validity- no reason for behaviour Only useful for studying small-scale interaction
75
Strengths of literature review
Enables researchers to keep up to date with new developments Enables researchers to collate into a single source Provides a range of different sources, increasing validity References Credentials Forms a basis into own research Ethical issues are issues due to conducting primary research
76
Weaknesses of literature reviews
No primary research meaning researcher is unaware if there are any ethical issues May be bias Time-consuming Complex terminology May be costly or outdated

Health and social care (2 decks)

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