Unit 3

Question 1

Work:
Natural Theology

Answer 1

William Paley

Question 2

Work:
Freedom of the Will

Answer 2

Jonathan Edwards

Question 3

Work:
Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind

Answer 3

Thomas Reid

Question 4

Work:
Fundamental Principles of Metaphysics of Morals

Answer 4

Immanuel Kant

Question 5

Work:
Critique of Judgement

Answer 5

Immanuel Kant

Question 6

Work:
Utilitarianism

Answer 6

John Stuart Mill

Question 7

Work:
Manifesto of the Communist Party

Answer 7

Marx (and Engels)

Question 8

Work:
The Descent of Man

Answer 8

Charles Darwin

Question 9

Work:
Fear and Trembling

Answer 9

Soren Kierkegaard

Question 10

Work:
Beyond Good and Evil

Answer 10

Friedrich Nietzche

Question 11

Intelligent Design

Credibility of Miracles

Answer 11

William Paley

Question 12

Who preached the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”?

Answer 12

Jonathan Edwards

Question 13

Idealism (Platonism)

Freedom of the Will

Answer 13

Jonathan Edwards

Question 14

Who thought that space is the location in God’s mind where His thoughts project the material things that exist?

Answer 14

Jonathan Edwards

Question 15

Who “believed that man’s will is free in that
his actions are unhindered expressions of his
desires [, but] a man’s will is not free in that its choices are determined by his nature and the motives available to him”?

Answer 15

Jonathan Edwards

Question 16

Whose philosophical idea suggests that “according to common-sense philosophy,
everyone—even the skeptic—lives as if
certain ideas are true, such as…
*the existence of an immaterial self.
*an external world.
*man’s capacity for free moral agency”?

Answer 16

Thomas Reid

Question 17

Common Sense

Freedom of the Will

Answer 17

Thomas Reid

Question 18

Who believed that “inherent in moral liberty is the ability to have done otherwise than what one has chosen to do”?

Answer 18

Thomas Reid

Question 19

Who believed in the “Freedom of the Will
… as a universal belief
… as a requirement
for moral accountability
… as a necessary cause
of wisely conceived and intentional action”?

Answer 19

Reid

Question 20

Epistemology

Ethics

Aesthetics

History

Answer 20

Immanuel Kant

Question 21

Whose philosophical ideas included the Noumenal Realm (rationally necessary and universal beliefs) as the foundation for the Phenomenal Realm (factual knowledge from experience)?

Answer 21

Kant

Question 22

Whose epistemology included both empiricism and rationalism?

Answer 22

Immanuel Kant

Question 23

What type of epistemology relies on sensations?

Answer 23

Empiricism

Question 24

What type of epistemology relies on the mind?

Answer 24

Rationalism

Question 25

Whose ideas of ethics included these "Categorical Imperatives"? "1. Act according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. 2. So act as to treat humanity, whether in thine own person or that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as means only. 3. Act in accordance with the principle that the laws to which you are subject are those of your own giving."

Answer 25

Immanuel Kant

Question 26

Whose aesthetics dealt with the question, "Is beauty 'real,' or is beauty only in the eye of the beholder?"

Answer 26

Immanuel Kant

Question 27

According to Kant, which judgment "has universality and necessity [and] is the same for everyone and compels rational assent"?

Answer 27

Moral judgment

Question 28

According to Kant, which judgment "might not be able to compel assent but . . . might still be a basis for its universality (beyond personal preference)"?

Answer 28

Aesthetic judgment

Question 29

Who believed that aesthetic judgments are subjective rather than objective and universal rather than personal?

Answer 29

Kant

Question 30

According to whom, "a true aesthetic response to the beauty of an object is one of disinterested satisfaction—not connected to an assessment of the object’s utility or even considerations of preservation"?

Answer 30

Kant

Question 31

Who viewed aesthetics "... as a matter of subjective evaluation but with a universal basis ... as a matter of goodness apart from pleasure ... as disinterested pleasure"?

Answer 31

Immanuel Kant

Question 32

Who believed that "the purpose of history might be to enable man to develop continually as a race, first in barbarous competition, but eventually under a rule of law that would make competition and peace simultaneously possible"?

Answer 32

Kant

Question 33

Who served as a member of Parliament and called for women's suffrage?

Answer 33

John Stuart Mill

Question 34

What philosophy was adopted by J. S. Mill and involves consequential (outcome-based) ethics?

Answer 34

Utilitarianism

Question 35

Who distinguished between quantitative pleasures (physical pleasures) and qualitative pleasures (pleasures of the intellect and feelings)?

Answer 35

J. S. Mill

Question 36

What type of politics says that "governments ought to provide for the greatest happiness for the greatest number"?

Answer 36

Utilitarian politics

Question 37

Utilitarian Ethics Utilitarian Politics

Answer 37

Mill

Question 38

Bourgeoisie and Proletariat Worker Alienation Surplus Labor Private Property

Answer 38

Karl Marx (and Engels)

Question 39

Who believed that capitalism alienates the worker from his work, from himself, from nature, and from humanity?

Answer 39

Karl Marx

Question 40

Who used the phrase: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"?

Answer 40

Marx (and Engels)

Question 41

Natural Selection Continuity between human beings and animals

Answer 41

Charles Darwin

Question 42

Who sailed on a voyage on the HMS Beagle?

Answer 42

Darwin

Question 43

Existentialism Faith and Fact Ethics

Answer 43

Kierkegaard

Question 44

Who said that "to choose amidst doubt is to live authentically"?

Answer 44

Kierkegaard

Question 45

Whoh believed that "A concern for evidence (i.e. facts) shows hostility to faith. . . [and that] the presence of facts negates the possibility of true faith"?

Answer 45

Kierkegaard

Question 46

Whose ethics included three levels of moral knowledge, one of which is the aesthetic stage? ("The aestheticist dabbles in ethical views and life choices but lacks the passion or commitment necessary to find true moral knowledge.")

Answer 46

Kierkegaard

Question 47

Biblical ethics is both ________________ and _________________.

Answer 47

propositional and personal

Question 48

"God is dead" The Overman

Answer 48

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 49

Who suffered a mental collapse?

Answer 49

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 50

Who believed that "The only measure of good is one’s 'will to power.' Man’s nature is determined (by nature), and there is no basis for moral constraint"?

Answer 50

Nietzche

Question 51

Who "rejects the concept of man’s moral free will in order to liberate him from external constraint and guilt, but then emphasizes man’s will to power in order to give man the capacity to do as he pleases"?

Answer 51

Nietzsche