Unit 3

Question 1

Sensory Neurons

Answer 1

neurons that carry info to the brain/spinal cord

Question 2

Motor Neurons

Answer 2

neurons that carry info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and and glands

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate and intervene between sensory input and motor output

Question 4

Action Potential

Answer 4

a brief electric charge traveling down an axon

Question 5

Threshold

Answer 5

A minimum intensity of excitatory and inhibitory signals to trigger neuron impulse

Question 6

Reuptake

Answer 6

the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted

Question 7

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

The brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 8

Sensory and motor neurons connecting to the CNS to the body

Question 9

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 9

division of the peripheral nervous system controlling skelatal muscles

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 10

peripheral nervous system part that contrals glands, and muscles in organs

Question 11

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 11

the division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes energy in stressful situations

Question 12

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 12

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body to conserve energy

Question 13

EEG

Answer 13

Amplified recording of brain’s electrical activity (“brainwaves”) via electrodes placed on scalp. Non-invasive

Question 14

CT/CAT

Answer 14

X-rays give a 3D image of structure

Question 15

PET

Answer 15

Tracks brain’s consumption of radioactive glucose injection, providing images of brain function. Expensive & lengthy

Question 16

MRI

Answer 16

Strong magnetic field causes disorientation of atoms in brain; reorientation = signal as to soft tissue density (picture of brain structure)

Question 17

fMRI

Answer 17

Type of MRI that detects amount of bloodflow in different brain regions (proxy for oxygen consumption; brain function)

Question 18

Reticular Formation

Answer 18

between your ears. Filters info and diverts to other parts of brain

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

top of brainstem. Its a sensory switchboard for everthing but smell. Sometimes gets replies from the higher brain

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

behind the brain stem. Helps with nonverbal learning and memory

Question 21

Limbic System

Answer 21

the part between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres. Instinct and basic emotion. Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus

Question 22

Amygdala

Answer 22

controls rage and fear

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

below the thalamus. It largely controls bodily maintenance such as thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior. It monitors blood chemistry, and takes orders from other parts of the brain

Question 24

Frontal Lobes

Answer 24

part of cerebral cortex at front. Involved in speaking and muscle movement, planning and judgement

Question 25

Parietal Lobes

Answer 25

top of brain. Recieves sensory input for touch and body postition

Question 26

Occipital Lobes

Answer 26

back of head. Includes areas that recieve info from visual fields

Question 27

Temporal Lobes

Answer 27

above the ears. Takes in sounds from the opposite ear

Question 28

Aphasia

Answer 28

an impaired ability for language and can result from damage to any number of cortical areas

Question 29

Broca's Area

Answer 29

associated with speech production and articulation. Takes the thought and turns it into words, then passes that to the motor cortex

Question 30

Wernicke's Area

Answer 30

language comprehension, whether it is written or spoken

Question 31

Plasticity

Answer 31

The ability of the brain to modify itself after damage

Question 32

Neurogenesis

Answer 32

The formation of new neurons

Question 33

Dual Processing

Answer 33

The unconsious and conscious brain activity

Question 34

Glial Cells

Answer 34

supports the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, providing nutrients, insulating myelin, and guiding neural connections.

Question 35

Endorphins

Answer 35

The bodies pain killer. come from the pituitary gland

Question 36

Association Areas

Answer 36

They integrate information using memories and inputs

Question 37

Pituitary Gland

Answer 37

It releases hormones that affect your behavior in many ways

Question 38

Myelin Sheath

Answer 38

fatty tissue encasing neuron fibers letting neural impulses travel faster

Question 39

Corpus Callosum

Answer 39

The wide band of axon fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying messages between them