Unit 3

Question 1

What is the basis or question Gestalt psychology asks 3.1

Answer 1

What are the sum parts of our perceptions as our mind puts our sensations together into a pattern

Question 2

What is the law of simplicity/good figure 3.1

Answer 2

It is the law that our minds makes objects in environments appear as simple as possible.

Question 3

What is the first principle of Gestalt 3.1

Answer 3

We sort our vision by highlighting what we pay attention or figure to and making it stand out from the surroundings or ground.

Question 4

What are the names of the five grouping principles of Pragnanz or grouping 3.1

Answer 4

Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
closure

Question 5

what are the definitions of the five groupings principles of Pragnanz or grouping 3.1

Answer 5

Proximity: how we group and see things on how close they are together.
Similarity: How we group and see things on how similar they are.
Continuity: how we group and see things on their patterns
Connectedness: how we group and see things on which directions their moving or if their connected
Closure: How our mind doesn’t need to seen an entire image to perceive it.

Question 6

what is depth perception 3.1

Answer 6

the ability to perceive the distance of an object in sight in three dimensions

Question 7

What are cues and their two types 3.1

Answer 7

Cues to help us perceive the distance or depth
Binocular cues: cues that require two eyes
monocular cues: cues that require one eye

Question 8

What is sensory transduction 3.1

Answer 8

Outside stimulus activates sense receptors transforming the stimulus into a sensation

Question 9

what is the absolute threshold

Answer 9

The smallest amount of energy needed to produce a sensation about 50% of the time

Question 10

What is sensory adaptation 3.1

Answer 10

Diminished sensory awareness due to constant stimulation above the threshold

Question 11

What is the difference threshold 3.1

Answer 11

The smallest amount of change in a stimulus that will produce a change in sensation

Question 12

What is signal detection theory 3.1

Answer 12

How much stimulation is necessary to meet the absolute threshold for awareness

Question 13

What is Bottom-up processing 3.2

Answer 13

When we first experience the sensation, then we process and perceive it. (blind experience)

Question 14

What is top-down processing 3.2

Answer 14

first, we perceive and process the experience, and then we sense the stimulus. (Expectation experience)

Question 15

What is a perceptual set 3.3

Answer 15

Our tendency to perceive some parts of sensory data and ignore others

Question 16

What are schemas 3.2

Answer 16

The mental frameworks for organizing our understanding of the world around us to guide our perceptual sets

Question 17

What does the retina do 3.3

Answer 17

It’s where light waves coming into the eye are transduced into a sensation to be perceived as an image.

Question 18

What are the rod cells and where are they located 3.3

Answer 18

They are located at the very back of the eyeball and are sense receptors for parts of images in black and white

Question 19

What are cone cells and where are they located 3.3

Answer 19

They are located at the very back of the eyeball and are sense receptors of vision in color

Question 20

What are bipolar cells 3.3

Answer 20

Neurons that only have one axon and one dendrite which receive stimulus from the rod and cone cells and then stimulate the ganglion cells

Question 21

What are ganglion cells 3.3

Answer 21

The ganglion cells contain axons that wind together to form the optic nerve.

Question 22

What is the primary visual cortex 3.3

Answer 22

It is where the optic nerve transfers information to be interpreted in the occipital lobe

Question 23

what are the two properties of wavelength 3.3

Answer 23

Wavelength: the distance between each wavelength. Determines colour of the image formed
Amplitude: the height of each brainwave. determines intensity of color of the image formed

Question 24

What are the two stages of the theory of color vision 3.3

Answer 24

the trichromatic and opponent-process theory

Question 25

What is the trichromatic theory 3.3

Answer 25

Cones cells work in teams of three to make up all colours in the visual spectrum based on the strength or frequency of the signal when light hits the retina.

Question 26

what is the opponent-process theory

Answer 26

When visual information is transferred to ganglion cells from the cones, some neurons are excited and some are inhabited creating afterimages.

Question 27

Why do people have colour blindness 3.3

Answer 27

The lack of functioning cone cells. People cannot distinguish excitatory and inhibitory signals or have unresponsive cones.

Question 28

What is a physical illusion 3.4

Answer 28

It distorts the scale of an image and is based on the manipulation of monocular cues for depth perceptions

Question 29

What is a physiological illusion 3.4

Answer 29

When the visual system gets overstimulated. Happens from the excitement or fatigue of photoreceptors (cone cells) or feature detectors in the visual cortex.

Question 30

What is a cognitive illusion 3.4

Answer 30

A Manipulation of how we think and interpret the world through.

Question 31

What is the frequency and how does it affect sounds 3.5

Answer 31

It is how often the sound wave waves occur. It affects the pitch of the sound.

Question 32

What is the amplitude and how does it affect sounds 3.5

Answer 32

It is how high the sound waves are. It affects how loud the sounds are

Question 33

What is required for hearing to occur 3.5

Answer 33

Sound waves: sounds emitted by something
A medium: an air, solid, or liquid
An receiver: the ear itself

Question 34

What does the pinna do 3.5

Answer 34

It gathers sound waves in the air, concentrates it and guides them through our ear canal

Question 35

What are the three components of the ear 3.5

Answer 35

the inner, middle, and outer ear

Question 36

What is the function of the middle ear 3.5

Answer 36

The sound waves travel through the year canal into our middle ear, hitting three bones and causing them to vibrate and pass onto the inner ear.

Question 37

What is the function of the middle ear 3.5

Answer 37

The sound waves travel through the year canal into our middle ear, hitting three bones and causing them to vibrate and passed onto the inner ear.

Question 38

What is the function of the inner ear 3.5

Answer 38

The vibrations of the three bones from the inner ear are passed on to the cochlea vibrating the cilia, which transforms the vibrations into energy and passes it on to the auditory nerve, which tne passes it on to the auditory cortex.

Question 39

What is sensorineural hearing loss and how does it happen 3.5

Answer 39

It is the diminished hearing of loudness, clarity, and range of sounds heard. It happens when the cilia or auditory nerve is damaged. Happens in both ears.

Question 40

What is conductive hearing loss and how does it happen 3.5

Answer 40

When sound waves cannot progress normally through the outer or middle ear or maybe both. Happens when the outer ear is plugged or the middle ear is damaged. Happens in both or one ear.

Question 41

Why are taste and smell called chemical senses 3.6

Answer 41

Both respond to the molecules in the food we eat and the air we breathe

Question 42

What are the five taste sensations 3.6

Answer 42

Sweet, bitter, sour, salty. umami

Question 43

How does sensory interaction affect unique perceptions of our taste and smell 3.6

Answer 43

Interaction between taste and smell, and vision and touch, produce different perceptions of food and drinks different from the original taste

Question 44

What are the four body senses 3.7

Answer 44

Touch (pressure, temperature)
Pain
Vestibular sense (bodily balance and movement)
Kinesthetic sense (position and movement of skeletal joints)