Unit 3 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
current political/social/economic structure in china?
A
communist society, capitalist economy
2
Q
how many provinces?
A
23
3
Q
how many autonomous regions? names?
A
5
4
Q
how many centrally administered cities?
A
4
5
Q
how many special administrative regions? (SARS)
A
2
6
Q
names of autonomous regions?
A
Tibet, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia
7
Q
names of special administrative regions (SARs)?
A
Hong Kong and Macau
8
Q
imperial China ideologies?
A
- Confucianism
- civil service exam
- obedience to authority
- hierarchy
- meritocracy
9
Q
traits of Republic of China (1839-1949)
A
- “century of humiliation”
- economic stagnation
- high poverty
- imperialism by the west
- nationalism leads to revolution in the 1900s and establishes warlord rule
10
Q
leader of Chinese Nationalist Party?
A
founder Sun-lat-Sen
later led by Chiang Kai-Shek
11
Q
goals of Chinese Nationalist Party?
A
- remove foreign interference and modernize
- combats communism
12
Q
outcome of Chinese Nationalist Party?
A
- ousted by communists in 1920
- formally defeated by communists later on
13
Q
Communist Party founder?
A
Mao
14
Q
what happened in 1949 in China?
A
People’s Liberation Army marched into Beijing unopposed and established a new regime, ousted the nationalists
15
Q
Maoism traits?
A
- form of communism
- strength belongs to peasents
- collectivism
- egalitarianism
- mass line communication between levels of party
16
Q
Maoism results:
A
intense hunger and genocide
17
Q
collectivism definition
A
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
18
Q
egalitarianism definition
A
all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
19
Q
mass line communication definition
A
- formulating policy based on theory, implementing it based on people’s real world conditions, revising theory and policy based on actual practice, and using that revised theory as the guide to future practice
- To the masses - from the masses - to the masses”
20
Q
Great Leap Forward
A
-a five-year economic plan executed by Mao
- begun in 1958 and abandoned in 1961
- modernize the country’s agricultural sector using communist economic ideologies
- led to famine and genocide
21
Q
Soviet Model (initially followed by Mao)?
A
- land reform
- civil reform
- combat opium problems
- enhanced women’s rights
- industry and agriculture collectivized
22
Q
what ends the cultural revolution in the mid 1900s?
A
Mao’s death
23
Q
what happened to the PRC when Mao died?
A
party split:
- radicals guided by Mao’s wife
- moderates wanted economic reform and to open up to foreign nations
- moderates win election for next party leader, arrest opponents and begin to modernize China
24
Q
Party leader after Mao?
A
Deng Xiaoping (1979)
(never actually president of China but major leader)
25
Xiaoping regime
- open door trade
- reforms in education
- reforms in legal system
- four modernizations: agriculture, industry, science, military
- new social contract: less social reform but more economic freedom
26
Socialist Market Economy traits?
- Household Responsibility System
- Special Economic Zones
27
Household Responsibility System traits
- individualized economic pursuit by replacing communes (rural collectivization)
- after paying taxes, families were allowed to sell their products for profit
- less regulation of household production
28
Special Economic Zones traits?
- promote foreign investment
- incentivize investment
- tax breaks to companies
- market zones (expanded exports)
29
what is the "iron rice bowl" concept?
- guaranteed employment for life
- now abolished
30
economic growth in china:
- 9% GDP per capita
- abolished "iron rice bowl"
- less unemployment (but more inequality)
31
economic downsides in china:
- compromise social freedom for economic prosperity
- high floating population (people who move for jobs, unstable)
32
state of social reform in china?
- has not reformed socially
- ex: Tiananem Square protest shut down with violence, event denied by government
33
what regime takes over after Xiaoping?
technocrat regime
34
technocrat regime leaders?
- Jiam Zemin (1993-2003)
- Hi Jintao (2003-2013)
- Xi Jingping (2013-present)
all professional, loyal, competent
35
Jintao's Harmonious Society
- shift from economic growth to overall societal balance and harmony
- international harmony
36
Xi's Chinese Dream
- rejuvenation of the Chinese state
- modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious
- ambitious political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions
37
Jintao's New Socialist Countryside
plan to help the rural Chinese people catch up to the urban Chinese people through economic development
- rural investment
- improved social services
- redistribution of resources
- balancing of income
38
Xi's toilet revolution
improvement of sanitary conditions
went alongside agricultural modernization and new rural construction
39
Xi's Supervision Committee
- anti-corruption committee
- greater control of employees regardless of party membership
- people ousted for being anti-communist
39
general overview of technocratic rule
- more government control
- crackdown on corruption and dissent
- more progressive environmental policy (Beautiful China Initiative for sustainable development)
40
Chinese government structure
- authoritarian and communist
- unitary
41
who controls the electoral system in china?
the CCP
42
is their law codified?
yes- 1982 constitution
43
Executive Leadership?
Head of State/Party is President (Xi Jingping) and Head of Government is the Premier (Li Quang)
44
legislature structure?
unicameral
45
judiciary?
- no independent judiciary (the party dictates what they do) or judicial review
46
three levels of governmental hierarchies?
- CCP
- state
- People's Liberation Party (military)
47
CCP central ideology?
democratic centralism (society best led by elite vanguard)
promotes legitimacy
48
how does power move in the CCP?
up (villages to counties to provinces to nation)
49
Hierarchy of Party
Standing Committee
Politburo
Central Committee
National Party Congress
50
How many people in National Party Congress?
around 2000
51
how often does the National Party Congress meet?
every 5 years
52
duties of the National Party Congress?
- "advisory board"
- rubber stamp
- elects Central Committee
53
how many people in the Central Committee?
around 340
54
how often do the Central Committee members get re-elected?
every 5 years
55
how often does the central committee meet?
annually (do work during off time)
56
duties of Central Committee?
elect Politburo
57
duties of the Politburo?
- dictate government policies
- elect Standing Committee
58
how many people in Politburo?
around 25 members
59
How many people in Standing Committee?
was 9, now 7 (president and premier are always members)
60
Standing Committee duties?
- make decisions for state
- most powerful, control party
60
Pieces of the state
- President (HoS)
- Premier (HoG)
- Legislature (National People's Congress)
- bureaucracy
- judiciary
- 3 branches in total
61
term limits for president?
- 2 term limit, each term is 5 years long
62
how old must the president be?
- 45 years old
63
other names for president?
Senior Party Leader, General Secretary
64
duties of premier?
directs state council (bureaucracy)
65
National People's Congress' power?
- constitutionally hold the most power but are weak in practice
- basically just announce the Politburo's policies
66
how often does the National People's Congress meet?
once a year for two weeks
67
how many people are in the National People's Congress?
- around 3000 members
- consisted of mainly party members but there are some deviants
68
how are members of the National People's Congress elected?
lower people's congresses elect them (regular people don't vote)
69
who choses the president?
the National People's Congress, but the Standing Committee makes the recommendation
70
how many people in bureaucracy
around 30 million
71
traits of bureaucracy
- any person who works for government
- cadre list used to determine positions (like nomenklatura)
- on all levels throughout the state
72
what is the judiciary called?
people's court system
73
who supplies lawyers?
People's Procurate
74
how is the law used?
rile of law is acknowledged, but the law is weaponized by the CCP (kill dissidents)
75
where do most ethnic minorities live?
near borders and in autonomous regions
76
"two china division"
rich v poor china
77
does urban or rural dominate?
more urban (53%) but for ages the rural population outnumbered the urban
78
other parties in china?
8 other "democratic" allowed to coexist but don't have any power
79
elections?
PRC holds elections for legitimacy but it is not direct voting
80
interests groups in china
- oversight by state
- need approval to form
- ex: All China Federation
81
civil society?
- private organizations growing
- GONGOs
- ping pong clubs, environmental growth
82
GONGOs
- government organized NGOS
- must register
- heavily regulated
83
media freedom?
- controlled by state
- some independent media but most is censored
- internet severely restricted ("Great Firewall")
84
People's Court branches
- Supreme People's Court (can technically interpret law)
- local people's courts
- special people's courts
85
women in confucianism?
seen as kinship/suppress them
86
when do women begin to see rights?
1949 with communist revolution
various women's rights groups
87
Tibet history
- china invaded tibet in 1950 to "save them from an oppressive regime"
- Tibet wants to be free bc it has its own culture and religion
88
Taiwan relations
- country ceded to Japan but returned after WW2
- Taiwan governed separately since 1949 (Taiwan democratic) but China still views it as theirs
- has tried to claim its own separate identity and state ship
- tense relations between the two due to spying
