Unit 3

Question 1

A term that is synonymous with loss of hair is

Answer 1

Epilation

Question 2

Some mutations in genetic material occur spontaneously, without a known cause. In humans, a hereditary disorder is present in approximately____ of all live births in the United States.

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

The light localizer must be within what percentage of the SID?

Answer 3

2%

Tape measure or laser distance accurate within 2% of SID.
Centering indicator accurate within 1% of SID.

Question 4

A variation of 10% or less is considered acceptable when verifying a machine’s ____

Answer 4

Exposure linearity

Question 5

The regulation responsible for ensuring that each patient should get the right imaging exam, at the right time, and with the right dose is?

Answer 5

The White Paper

Question 6

Based on recent data, the threshold for single exposures to cause cataract is

Answer 6

0.5 Gy

Question 7

The use of high-level fluoroscopy for extended periods of time can result in which of the following?

1. ARS
2. Repair of damaged chromosomes
3. Radiation induced skin injuries

Answer 7

3 only

ARS- Acute Radiation Syndrome (Early Somatic Effect- Large whole body exposures)

Question 8

Early tissue (deterministic) reactions may include:

1. Nausea
2. Decreased sperm count
3. Epilation
4. Cancer

Answer 8

1, 2, and 3

Question 9

Radium watch dial painters ingested large quantities of radium in the 1920s causing

Answer 9

Osteoporosis- disease that causes bone mass decrease

Question 10

The x-ray tube protective housing is designed to

1. Restrict off focus radiation
2. Restrict radiation leakage
3. Filter out low energy photons

Answer 10

1 and 2 only

Question 11

Another method health care institutions have established to ensure that personnel dose limits do not approach EfD limits is through the use of

Answer 11

Action limits

NOTE: Once 10% of annual exposure dose limit is exceeded, facility triggers an investigation.

Question 12

For persons with hematopoietic syndrome, survival time shortens as the radiation dose

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

During a fluoroscopic examination, a resettable cumulative timing device measures the x-ray beam-on time and sounds an audible alarm or in some cases temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for what length of time?

Answer 13

5 minutes

Question 14

All are considered stochastic effect of radiation EXCEPT.

Answer 14

Nausea

Question 15

Fluoro Units with High Level Control may have an exposure rate of as high as ____ with 12” above table top

Answer 15

176 mGy

Question 16

ALARA is referred to as Optimization radiation protection

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The term used to describe the routine practice of overexposing patient to avoid repeats while using digital imaging is referred to as:

Answer 17

Dosage creep

Question 18

According to the NCRP Report No. 116, which of the following is the monthly equivalent dose limit for pregnant workers?

Answer 18

0.5 mSv

Question 19

Early tissue reaction may appear within

1. Minutes
2. Years
3. Hours

Answer 19

1 and 3

Question 20

What are the benefits of using pulsed/intermittent fluoroscopy during a fluoroscopy procedure?

Answer 20

Extends tube life and decreases patient dose

Question 21

Which radiation protection organization evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposures from a variety of sources and derive risk assessment for radiation induced cancer and genetic effects?

Answer 21

UNSCEAR

Question 22

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumED) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

Answer 22

460 mSv

Age in years x 10 mSv

Question 23

Which of the following late effects caused by exposure to ionizing radiation is considered to be most important?

Answer 23

Cancer

Question 24

The science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population is referred to as:

Answer 24

Epidemiology

Question 25

The annual effective dose limit for occupational workers is

Answer 25

5 rem (50 mSv)

Question 26

The lead organization responsible to provide radiation protection guidance is the

Answer 26

ICRP

Question 27

What is the mean value of the radiation doubling equivalent dose for humans, as determined from studies of the children of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Answer 27

1.56 Sv

Question 28

What is the total filtration necessary for x-ray units operating at 50 kVp-70 kVp?

Answer 28

1.5 mm aluminum ## Footnote Below 50: 0.5 mm 50-70: 1.5 mm Above 70: 2.5 mm

Question 29

Which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose during a radiographic exam?

Answer 29

higher kVp, lower mAs, increased filtration

Question 30

Atrophy refers to

Answer 30

Shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received

Question 31

The enforcing agency that regulate the design and manufacturing of electronic products including radiographic equipment is

Answer 31

FDA

Question 32

If a person receives radiation exposure sufficient to cause the gastrointestinal syndrome, fatality occurs primarily because of

Answer 32

catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal track, resulting in the death of the exposed person within 3 to 5 days from a combination of infection, fluid loss, and electrolytic imbalance.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?

Answer 33

Carcinogenic syndrome

Question 34

What determines the rate of production of chromosome aberrations? 1. The total radiation dose given to a somatic cell 2. The total radiation given to a genetic cell 3. The period of time in which radiation dose was delivered

Answer 34

1, 2, and 3

Question 35

Irradiation of gonadal tissue from ionizing radation at any dose may result in:

Answer 35

Genetic effects

Question 36

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy is the

Answer 36

First trimester

Question 37

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted, provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____ is not exceeded for persons under the age of 18 years.

Answer 37

1 mSv annually

Question 38

The term LD 50/30 signifies the whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to

Answer 38

50% of the exposed population within 30 days.

Question 39

The risk model that predicts the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in a population is

Answer 39

Relative risk model ## Footnote Absolute risk model- estimates that a specific number of malignancies will occur as a result of exposure

Question 40

Which regulation establishes the minimum standards for accreditation of education programs for radiographers?

Answer 40

The Consumer Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981

Question 41

Leukemia and Genetic mutations are considered random effects

Answer 41

True

Question 42

A radiation safety officer in a health care facility must have sufficient authority, organizational freedom, and management prerogative to 1. identify radiation safety problems. 2. initiate, recommend, or provide corrective action. 3. stop unsafe operations involving by-product material. 4. verify implementation of corrective actions.

Answer 42

1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 43

The concept that claims there is benefits to small amounts of radiation exposure is referred to as

Answer 43

Radiation hormesis

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a x-ray beam limitation device?

Answer 44

Inherent filtration

Question 45

Radiographic grids should be employed when a body part is

Answer 45

Thicker than 10 cm

Question 46

Which dose is found to depress the male sperm population?

Answer 46

0.1 Gy