Unit 3

Question 1

What is the term for the amount of time it takes to kill all microbes at a specified temperature?

Answer 1

Thermal death time

Question 2

How do acids work as microbial control agents?

Answer 2

pH disruption denatures enzymes

Question 3

What is the danger in using Ethylene oxide as a chemiclave for sterilization of large rooms and their contents?

Answer 3

It is carcinogenic & explosive

Question 4

What quality do surfactants have that allow them to disrupt membranes?

Answer 4

They are amphipathic

Question 5

Which type of radiation is able to better penetrate substances but is also more dangerous?

Answer 5

Ionizing radiation

Question 6

Which method is effective at sterilizing when applied properly?

Answer 6

Autoclave, incineration, filtration

Question 7

Why is 70% alcohol more effective than 95% alcohol at controlling microbes?

Answer 7

Water helps with coagulating proteins

Question 8

True or False: Hydrogen peroxide can be used to sterilize under certain conditions, such as when vaporized.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which of the following are examples of halogens used as microbial control agents?

Answer 9

Bleach

Question 10

What is the correct term for the complete elimination of all microbes, including endospores?

Answer 10

Sterilization

Question 11

When antibiotics are used and the survivors from the normal microbiota overgrow and take over, what is this called?

Answer 11

Superinfection

Question 12

Which of the following drugs affect bacterial protein production by targeting ribosomes?

Answer 12

Tetracycline

Question 13

Which of the following medications would be used to treat a yeast infection?

Answer 13

Miconazole

Question 14

Which of the following is a fluoroquinolone?

Answer 14

Ciproflaxin

Question 15

True or False: Intrinsic Resistance refers to the fact that organisms who produce an antimicrobial drug themselves must be inherently resistant to that drug.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is used to treat viral infections?

Answer 16

Acyclovir

Question 17

Which of the following antimicrobials is used to treat malaria?

Answer 17

Chloroquine

Question 18

Which of the following drugs targets the bacterial cell membrane?

Answer 18

Polymyxins

Question 19

Which of the following medications does not target the cell wall?

Answer 19

Trimethoprim

Question 20

Which of the following are benefits of a fever?

Answer 20

Increased cell metabolism

Question 21

What is the function of lysozyme?

Answer 21

Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

Question 22

What is the term for the mechanism by which WBCs migrate into tissues from the blood vessels?

Answer 22

Diepidesis

Question 23

What is the term that refers to all white blood cells in the blood?

Answer 23

Leukocytes

Question 24

Which of the following choices is categorized as a granulocyte?

Answer 24

Basophil

Question 25

Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

What does the acronym 'PAMP' stand for?

Answer 26

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

Question 27

Lymphocytes are a type of granulocyte.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Plasma is the term for the fluid portion of whole

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the purpose of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System?

Answer 29

connects cells and tissues and maintains a phagocyte population

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 pathways of complement activation?

Answer 30

Phagocytic

Question 31

Which type of blood can someone with AB blood receive?

Answer 31

A, O, AB, B

Question 32

What is the term for Type1 sensitivities that are localized to a specific area on the body?

Answer 32

Atopic

Question 33

Which blood type is the universal donor, the type that all blood types can receive?

Answer 33

O

Question 34

What is the term for a systemic allergic reaction?

Answer 34

Anaphylaxis

Question 35

Which type of graft would a younger-sister-to-older-sister graft donation be?

Answer 35

Allograft

Question 36

True or False: AIDS is an example of a Primary Immunodeficiency.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What does the 'Hygiene Hypothesis' suggest?

Answer 37

modern society is so clean that we aren't exposed to enough microbes to keep allergies under control

Question 38

What is the risk of a mother who is Rh- having a second Rh+ baby?

Answer 38

Hemolytic disease

Question 39

What type of immune response is responsible for Type-4 hypersensitivities?

Answer 39

T-cell

Question 40

Which test can be used to determine certain bacterial identities based on antibiotic susceptibility?

Answer 40

Kirby Bauer Assay

Question 41

What is phage typing?

Answer 41

phages will kill any bacteria present in a patient

Question 42

Any media that changes colors as a result of metabolic processes of an organism is known as:

Answer 42

Differential

Question 43

Which immunological test involves something akin to gel electrophoresis, but with proteins, and uses a special filter paper to test antibody-antigen interaction?

Answer 43

Western Blot

Question 44

Tests that are based on organisms' metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:

Answer 44

Biochemical

Question 45

Which of the following is a highly specific and sensitive immunological confirmatory test?

Answer 45

Elisa

Question 46

Tests that are based on organisms' metabolic differences as determined by color change are known as:

Answer 46

Biochemical tests

Question 47

What are direct immunological tests looking for in the patient?

Answer 47

Presence of the antigen

Question 48

What are indirect immunological tests looking for in the patient?

Answer 48

Presence of antibody

Question 49

viral antigen is presented by a cell on its MHC-I. What kind of cellular response would be expected in response to this presentation?

Answer 49

CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell response

Question 50

What is the term for when antibodies or complement help phagocytes eat pathogens by acting like molecular handles?

Answer 50

Opsonization

Question 51

Where in the body do all lymphocytes start out?

Answer 51

Bone marrow

Question 52

What is the term for the portion of the antibody where the variable region is found?

Answer 52

Fab

Question 53

A _____ is an antigen that is too small for the immune cells to be activated and therefore needs help from a carrier.

Answer 53

Hapten

Question 54

What type of MHC do CD4+ Th1 cells interact with?

Answer 54

MHC II

Question 55

What are the two compounds that Cytotoxic T-cells release to kill target infected cells?

Answer 55

Granzymes and perforins

Question 56

What type of antibody is made first in the initial primary response?

Answer 56

lgm

Question 57

Where do T-cells mature?

Answer 57

Thymus

Question 58

What is the term for the antigens that are too small to illicit an immune response and require the help of a carrier?

Answer 58

Haptens