Unit 3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Cause of French and Indian War
British American colonists were steadily encroaching on land in the Ohio River Valley that the French laid claim to.
George Washington
By 1753, Washington had been appointed Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia militia and was sent west to warn the French of encroaching by Virginia’s governor.
Fort Duquesne
Because of its strategic location on the land where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River, the British made several attempts to take the fort from the French and gain control of the Ohio Country. In 1758, an expedition led by General John Forbes finally succeeded in capturing Fort Duquesne, and Fort Pitt was established by the British on the site.
George Washington’s Attack on Duquesne
In 1754, with help from Native American allies, Washington gained Fort Duquesne back from America.
Albany Congress/Convention
Delegates from several of the British colonies met to discuss a more organized colonial response to frontier defense, trade, and westward expansion. Delegates wanted to figure out British colonial defense against the French and Indians. They also invited a delegation from the Iroquois Confederacy to join them with the hopes of allying with this powerful Indian association, but they were more like a token presence because the delegates didn’t really involve them in the discussions.
Albany Plan of Union
At the Albany Congress, Benjamin Franklin introduces his Albany Plan of Union. Under this plan, the colonies would establish a council of representatives to decide on frontier defense, trade, and westward expansion.
Impressment
Forced impressment of American men to join the ranks of the Royal Navy.
Effects of the French and Indian War
-Because the land in the Ohio River Valley was now under British control, American colonists hungry for more land began to push westward. And, as you can imagine, this migration intensified conflicts with the Native Americans who lived there.
-Left Britain with copious amounts of national debt.
Peace of Paris
1763:
-Spain ceded Florida to the British
-The French were ousted from the North American continent and the Spanish were given control over former French lands west of the Mississippi
-All the land east of the Mississippi River, which is to say, the Ohio River Valley, was granted to the British.
Proclamation Line of 1763
Seeking to protect their colonists from more violence with the natives of Detroit, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, the British Parliament established the Proclamation Line of 1763 which forbade the colonists from migrating west across the Appalachian mountains and taking land in the Ohio River Valley.
Navigation Acts (1651-1660)
The Navigation Acts, or more broadly the Acts of Trade and Navigation, were a long series of English laws that developed, promoted, and regulated English ships, shipping, trade, and commerce with other countries and with its own colonies.
Quartering Act of 1765
Kept British soldiers stationed in colonies, colonists responsible for soldiers’ food and housing
Sugar Act of 1764
Sugar Act, (1764), in U.S. colonial history, British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies and at providing increased revenues to fund enlarged British Empire responsibilities following the French and Indian War.
Stamp Act of 1765
This was a tax on all paper items produced in the colonies like newspapers, playing cards, and legal contracts.
