Unit 3

Question 1

Caucus

Answer 1

A meeting of supporters of one political parties

Question 2

Primary

Answer 2

Choosing a candidate or party anonymously

Question 3

Delegates

Answer 3

A person that is elected to represent a group of people

Question 4

Party voting

Answer 4

Voting based on the candidate that represents your political party

Question 5

Prospective voting

Answer 5

Voting based on the behavior and things a candidate wants to do

Question 6

Retrospective voting

Answer 6

Voting based what performance candidate makes

Question 7

Rational choice

Answer 7

Voters making electoral decisions based on self interest.

Question 8

15th Amendment

Answer 8

The rights of humans should not be denied based on race or status

Question 9

19th Amendment

Answer 9

Women’s right to vote

Question 10

23rd Amendment

Answer 10

Residents in Washington have the right to vote for representatives in the electoral college.

Question 11

24th Amendment

Answer 11

It abolished and forbids the federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections.

Question 12

Suffrage

Answer 12

the right to vote in political elections.

Question 13

Poll Tax

Answer 13

A tax of a uniform amount levied on each individual

Question 14

Political Efficacy

Answer 14

Political efficacy is the citizens’ trust in their ability to change the government

Question 15

Electoral College

Answer 15

The process of electing electors.

Question 16

Swing States

Answer 16

A state that can be red or blue

Question 17

Battleground States

Answer 17

winning by either the Democratic or Republican candidate in a statewide election, most often referring to presidential elections

Question 18

Popular Vote

Answer 18

An act of voting by the electorate of a country or area

Question 19

Census

Answer 19

Count of a population as a state

Question 20

Reapportionment

Answer 20

Deciding what area of reps represent

Question 21

Gerrymandering

Answer 21

Manipulating a district boundaries so they could win a vote

Question 22

Packing

Answer 22

Moving a line over in a district to win

Question 23

Cracking

Answer 23

Breaking a district up so sone party could win

Question 24

Barker v. Carr

Answer 24

Issue: The case involved a plaintiff from an underrepresented urban voting district in Tennessee, where state law required districts to be redrawn every decade but hadn’t been for decades. Did the Supreme Court have jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment?
Result: The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, establishing that federal courts could hear cases alleging that redistricting violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
Importance: The ruling established the principle of “one person, one vote” and allowed federal courts to review states’ redistricting processes. It led to a significant shift in political power from rural to urban areas, as states reapportioned their districts to balance the weight of votes. These changes often added legislative seats to urban districts and improved voting conditions for minorities, who often lived in urban areas.

Question 25

Shaw v. Reno

Answer 25

Issue: Did the North Carolina residents' claim, that the State created a racially gerrymandered district, raise a valid constitutional issue under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause? Result: The Court held that North Carolina's reapportionment plan resulting in a district shape was bizarre enough to suggest that it constituted an effort to separate voters into different districts based on race. Importance: In the aftermath of the Shaw v. Reno decision, redistricting was held to new standards of justification; in general, race could no longer be the sole basis for creating or modifying a voting district.

Question 26

Linkage institutions

Answer 26

Connects the people to government and government to the people (Election, Media groups, interest groups and political parties)

Question 27

Party polarization

Answer 27

the growing gap between the stands of the parties policy issues

Question 28

Partisanship

Answer 28

A committed member of a political party who strongly support their party's policies

Question 29

Interdependence

Answer 29

The state of being dependent upon one another as of when the actions of one government are necessarily affected by what other governments do.

Question 30

Content delivery

Answer 30

Shows the media role in politics and government by using different methods over the years such as print, radio, tv, internet then social media.

Question 31

Audience targeting

Answer 31

The process of sorting consumers into categories such as age, gender, income, location, marital status, nationality, occupation, and education.

Question 32

Impact on content

Answer 32

The impact is the effect this has on your audience, what they do with this information

Question 33

Agenda setting

Answer 33

Agenda-setting theory suggests that the communications media

Question 34

Framing

Answer 34

Frames select certain aspects of a perceived reality to make them more noticeable, often simplifying the message to mobilise people and garner support (and importantly, demobilising antagonists).

Question 35

House race journalism

Answer 35

political journalism of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data.

Question 36

United States v. Nixon

Answer 36

Issue: Is the President's right to safeguard certain information, using his "executive privilege" confidentiality power, entirely immune from judicial review? Result: Chief Justice Warren Burger said that the President didn’t have an absolute, unqualified privilege to withhold information.“We conclude that when the ground for asserting privilege as to subpoenaed materials sought for use in a criminal trial is based only on the generalized interest in confidentiality, it cannot prevail over the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of criminal justice. The generalized assertion of privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial,” Importance: The Court granted that there was a limited executive privilege in areas of military or diplomatic affairs, but gave preference to "the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of justice." i.e the President is not above the law.

Question 37

Buckley v. Valeo

Answer 37

On January 30, 1976, the Supreme Court issued a per curiam opinion in Buckley v. Valeo, the landmark case involving the constitutionality of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA), as amended in 1974, and the Presidential Election Campaign Fund Act.

Question 38

FECA/FEC

Answer 38

Federal Election Campaign Act, legislation adopted in 1971 to regulate the raising and spending of money in U.S. federal elections.

Question 39

BCRA

Answer 39

An act to amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan campaign reform.

Question 40

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 40

The court held that BCRA Section 203's prohibition of all independent political expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech.