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Grade 8 Civics > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?

A

To govern the 13 states as a united group

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2
Q

After the Revolutionary War, which problem most affected farmers throughout New England?

A

large debts (money owed)

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3
Q

What was Shays’ Rebellion?

A

After the Revolutionary war, many farmers in Massachusetts were having trouble paying their taxes because they did not get the money promised to them for fighting in the war. Shays’ Rebellion happened because so many farmers were in debt. Farmers protested against unfair economic policies. They demanded that the government stop taking farms away from farmers.

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4
Q

Which feature of the Articles of Confederation prevented or stopped the national government from ending Shays’ Rebellion?

A

State control over militias; There was no national military

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5
Q

Which of these was a common feature of the new state constitutions written after declaring independence?

A

Protections for individual freedoms

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6
Q

What are some problems (limitations) with the Articles of Confederation?

A

Congress could pass laws but not enforce them.

Congress could not raise a military, so states had to provide soldiers

In order to change the Articles, every single state had to agree (unanimous agreement)

No national currency (paper money)

Could not impose and collect taxes

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7
Q

What was one positive or good thing about the Articles of Confederation?

A

States got to keep their power and independence.

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8
Q

The Articles of Confederation placed most of the power in the hands of the _____ government at the expense of the ____ government

A

State / Central

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9
Q

What is the Constitutional Convention?

A

In 1787, representatives from 12 states attended the Contitutional Convention with the goal of fixing the problems with the Articles of Confederation

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10
Q

Which small state did not attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia?

A

Rhode Island

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11
Q

Instead of fixing the Articles of Confederation, the delegates at the Constitutional Convention wrote the Constitution. One major difference was that the new Constitution had _______ branches of government.

A

3 branches

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12
Q

The big states and the small states disagreed about how many…

A

representatives or votes each state would get in the Congress.

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13
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A

The agreement made to make both the big states and small states happy when it came to representation in the two houses of Congress.

In the end, the small states had equal representation in the Senate and the big states had more representation in the House of Representatives.

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14
Q

What was the Land and Northwest Ordinances?

A

Part of the Articles of Confederation that said Congress had the power to supervise territories owned by the nation as a whole.

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15
Q

The Articles of Confederation created a government with only one branch, which was made up of…

A

Legislative body (a congress)

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16
Q

Who had control over the following under the Articles of Confederation:

Trade regulations (rules)

Tariffs and duties (taxes) on trade

Creating a paper currency (money)

A

The individual states

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17
Q

True or False:
The Articles of Confederation established a system where power was shared equally between the central (federal) government and the individual state governments.

A

False

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18
Q

True or False:
The Articles of Confederation served as the first framework of government for the United States of America.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the result of this weakness of the Articles of Confederation:

Congress had no power to tax

A

The government did not have enough money to pay back debts

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20
Q

What is the result of this weakness of the Articles of Confederation:

There was no national court system

A

The government had no way to settle disagreements among the states

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21
Q

What is the result of this weakness of the Articles of Confederation:

There was no military

A

The government could not respond to issues of national defense

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22
Q

What is the result of this weakness of the Articles of Confederation:

There was no executive branch

A

The government could not enforce laws passed by Congress

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23
Q

Which of the following was a result of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

A

A constitutional convention was held.

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24
Q

Identify what powers (could do) the federal/central government had under the Articles of Confederation.

A

Powers:
Foreign affairs (talk with other countries, make treaties, etc.)

Deal with westward expansion

Declare war

Manage relationships with Native American Tribes

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25
Even though the Continental Congress appointed five people to draft the Declaration of Independence, the committee gave ________ the job of writing the first draft.
Thomas Jefferson
26
What are the 4 main parts of the Declaration of Independence?
1. the introduction 2. the statement of ideals 3. a list of grievances or complaints against King George III 4. the declaration of Independence from Great Britain
27
The Congress finally approved the Declaration of Independence on ______, which we still celebrate as Independence Day.
July 4, 1776
28
After the Battles of Lexington and Concord, some colonists were still not sure about declaring independence from Great Britain. However, the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine called ______ was published in January of 1776, which convinced many colonists that independence was the right choice.
Common Sense
29
If the government fails to protect the rights of the people, it is the job of the people to alter/change or to _______ the government.
abolish or replace
30
What are the three "unalienable Rights" listed in the Declaration of Independence?
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
31
The Declaration of Independence explains that the purpose of government is to ______ or secure the rights of the people.
Protect
32
The second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence is the statement of ideals. This paragraphs states...
The fundamental principles of human rights (basic rights that all people have simply by being born) The role and purpose of government is to secure these rights The ideal form of government gets its power from the consent of the governed and can be overthrown or abolished
33
What are some of the Enlightenment ideas of Montesquieu and Locke?
Citizens should have the ability to change their government if it fails to protect them Government powers should be split among groups The function of government is to protect the natural rights of citizens Citizens should be able to elect their political leaders
34
True or False: In Thomas Jefferson's original draft of the Declaration of Independence, he placed the blame for the slave trade on King George III but that section was removed before it was presented to the Continental Congress because the founding fathers did not want any mention of slavery in the declaration.
True
35
Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
Philadelphia
36
Examples of equality
A law stops discrimination based on race or gender Voting Rights Act of 1965 gives all citizens equal access to voting
37
Examples of unalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
Public safety provided (police, fire departments, and health regulations) Freedom of speech and religion listed in the 1st Amendment
38
Examples of consent of the governed
Citizens vote in a fair election to choose their leaders A community holds a public meeting to approve a new law
39
Examples of the right to alter/abolish government
Protesters demand change to unfair laws by peaceful demonstrations A country overthrows a dictatorship to establish democracy
40
When editing Thomas Jefferson's first draft with Benjamin Franklin, why did John Adams say the message of the Declaration of Independence was “unexpected”?
He didn't picture it written that way and would have written it a bit differently. However he did seem to agree with it because he said he would defend every word of it.
41
What event involved the British and the colonists fighting together against the French from 1754-1763?
French and Indian War
42
As a result of the French and Indian War, Britain was in debt. How did the British Parliament decide to raise some money to help with that debt?
Increasing the taxes on the colonies
43
What goods or services were taxed with the passage of the Stamp Act of 1765?
Paper products including legal documents and newspapers
44
The Boston Tea Party was the colonists' response to the tax on tea by the British Parliament. Dressed as "Indians" [Americans Indians], members of the Sons of Liberty boarded three ships and...
dumped the chests of tea into Boston Harbor.
45
All of the events leading up to the American Revolution impacted the liberty and freedom of the colonists. For example, these events...
limited the economies of the colonies. forced the colonists to pay taxes on goods they needed. took away the freedom of the colonists to make their own choices.
46
Why were the American colonists so upset about the practice of “taxation without representation”?
The colonists were British subjects but did not have any say in the British government that was taxing them.
47
What was the main result of the Intolerable Acts that were passed as a response to the Boston Tea Party?
More colonists believed the British government was treating them unfairly.
48
An outcome of the First Continental Congress was that the British...
viewed the Congress as traitors.
49
smuggle
to illegally import goods/products to avoid paying higher prices and taxes
50
boycott
refuse to buy, use, or sell products in protest
51
militia
voluntary community soldiers, such as the minutemen
52
repeal
to revoke/to take back/ to get rid of/to change a law
53
tariffs
taxes or duties
54
legislature
law-making body
55
Colonists became more resentful of British control when the __________ Act forced them to house British soldiers at their own expense.
Quartering
56
After the repeal of the Stamp Act, colonists were so excited at their victory that not many paid attention to the Declaratory Act that was passed by the British Parliament, which...
gave the British Parliament total authority to impose laws and taxes on the American colonies.
57
Which of the following incidents ended with the death of five colonists and the wounding of six others, while also inflaming tensions between British military forces and American colonists?
Boston Massacre
58
Published in January of 1776, which of the following could be considered the main idea of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
The American colonists could and should govern themselves rather than stay under British rule.
59
After the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to meet in order to...
prepare for war with Great Britain.
60
Put the events leading up to the American Revolution in order.
1. French and Indian War 2. Quartering Act 3. Townshend Acts 4. Boston Tea Party 5. Battles of Lexington and Concord 6. Second Continental Congress
61
Anti-Federalist
People who opposed a strong central government like the one created in the new US Constitution. They feared that: One federal government could not make laws good for all states the gederal government would take to much power from the states people's individual rights would not be protected
62
Constitution
A plan that organizes and outlines the operations of a government
63
Consent of the governed
power of the government comes from the people
64
abolish
to officially end a law or system of government
65
framers
writers or authors of a legal document such as the constitution
66
tyranny
cruel or unfair control over other people, usually by a government
67
Federalist
people who supported a strong central government liek te one created in the new US Constitution
68
alter
to change or amend
69
factions
group of people with shared interests or beliefs about politics
70
ratify
to make a written agreement official by approving or signing it
71
unalienable rights
rights that people are guaranteed just by being born, listed in teh Declaration of Independence (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
72
social contract
agreement between people and their government, as described by Enlightenment thinkers Hobbes, Locke, & Rousseau An agreement wehre people gave up some freedoms in order to gain the protection of the government
73
Which phrase became popular among the colonists after teh passage of the Stamp Act by the British Parliament?
No taxation without representation
74
John Locke believed that people were born with natural rights. These ideas were used by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. What are the natural rights Locke listed?
Life, liberty, property
75
After the Revolutionary war, which problem most affected farmers throughout New England?
Large debts
76
Enlightenment thinkers used reason and logic when looking at society and ____
government
77
The 4 ideals or beliefs about government explained by Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence are...
1. Equality 2. Unalienable rights 3. Consent of the governed 4. Right to alter or abolish the government
78
What was a common feature of the new state constitutions written after the Declaration of Independence?
Protections for individual freedoms
79
What common fear was accounted for in the Articles of Confederation?
Fear of a powerful central government
80
At the Constitutional Convention, discussions of slavery were closely related to discussions about which other issue?
Representation
81
What is congress?
the senate and the house of representatives; created to give fair representation to states
82
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
Law that said the colonists couldn't settle west of the line through the Appalachion mountains. Made in the hopes to limit tensions with native tribes and to protect lands (colonists ignored this)
83
What was the sugar act?
Lowered taxes on items like molasses & sugar. Helped the British collect taxes Colonists didn't like it because it feld like new expenses and decreased trade
84
What are the Townshend Acts?
Passed by Parliament, taxes on everyday items Made to stop smuggling and help British collect taxes

Grade 8 Civics (3 decks)

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