UNIT 3

Question 1

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the __________.

Answer 1

nasal septum

Question 2

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called __________.

Answer 2

fascicles

Question 3

The principal muscle of pulmonary ventilation is (are) the __________.

Answer 3

diaphragm

Question 4

Identify the correct sequence of the parts of the respiratory system through which air passes as it enters the body.

Answer 4

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Question 5

Which of the following is not a known cause of muscle fatigue?
A) ATP depletion
B) Lactic acid accumulation
C) Acetylcholine depletion
D) Calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E) Accumulation of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Answer 5

B)lactic acid accumulation

Question 6

Which of the following is true concerning isotonic eccentric contraction?
A) The muscle shortens but tension remains constant.
B) The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.
C) The muscle tenses and shortens.
D) The muscle tenses but length remains unchanged.
E) The muscle lengthens and tension declines.

Answer 6

B) The muscle lengthens but tension remains constant.

Question 7

Pulmonary surfactant is secreted by __________.

Answer 7

great alveolar cells

Question 8

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what
percentage of its oxygen?

Answer 8

20% to 25%

Question 9

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
A) It helps control the pH of body fluids.
B) It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood.
C) It allows us to communicate with others.
D) It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.
E) It helps with defecation.

Answer 9

D) it assists with the synthesis of vasodilators

Question 10

The pacemaker of respiration is the __________.

Answer 10

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Question 11

The grapelike clusters of alveoli are called __________

Answer 11

alveolar sacs

Question 12

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

Answer 12

sartorius

Question 13

Which of the following structures has ciliated cells?

Answer 13

trachea

Question 14

What is the antagonist to the triceps brachii?

Answer 14

Biceps brachii

Question 15

Based on its name, how would you describe the rectus femoris?

Answer 15

straight and in the thigh

Question 16

Which of the following muscles of mastication would be responsible for mandibular elevation?
A) Temporalis
B) Lateral pterygoid
C) Stylohyoid
D) Zygomaticus major
E) Zygomaticus minor

Answer 16

A) Temporalis

Question 17

What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?

Answer 17

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament; a strain is a stretch or tear in the muscle or
tendon.

Question 18

After taking their wedding vows, a bride and groom often ceremonially kiss using which of the following muscles before walking away from the altar?

Answer 18

Orbicularis oris

Question 19

In the medical term pneumonia, what does the root mean?

Answer 19

lung or air

Question 20

The contraction strength of smooth muscle is relatively independent of its resting length
partly because __________.

Answer 20

it does not have sarcomeres

Question 21

Contracting the diaphragm increases thoracic cavity __________ and decreases thoracic cavity ___________. This results in _________.

Answer 21

volume; pressure; inspiration

Question 22

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by the __________.

Answer 22

structures found in the oral cavity

Question 23

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by __________ of the
respiratory tract.

Answer 23

goblet cells

Question 24

Ninety percent of the carbon dioxide in the blood reacts with water to form __________.

Answer 24

carbonic acid

Question 25

Cellular activity increases the levels of __________ in the tissue fluid and blood plasma. This is turn results in a decrease in __________.

Answer 25

carbon dioxide ; pH

Question 26

The __________ attaches to the zygomatic arch and to the angle of the mandible.

Answer 26

masseter

Question 27

Which of the following is not monitored by chemoreceptors?

Answer 27

noxious fumes

Question 28

All of the following are functions of the nose EXCEPT A) cooling air that enters from the outside. B) trapping large particles in the air. C) moisturizing the air. D) recognizing 4000 separate smells. E) serving as a passageway from outside to the upper respiratory tract.

Answer 28

A) cooling air that enters from the outside

Question 29

The thyroid cartilage is the largest part of the __________.

Answer 29

larynx

Question 30

An increase in the size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element, such as a muscle, is called ________.

Answer 30

hypertrophy

Question 31

Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which structure?

Answer 31

flexor retinaculum

Question 32

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of __________ than in any other form.

Answer 32

bicarbonate ions

Question 33

The medical term that means inflammation of the nasal mucosa is

Answer 33

rhinitis

Question 34

The attachment site of the muscle to bone that does not move when the muscle contracts is the

Answer 34

origin

Question 35

Choose the medical term that means pertaining to the buttocks. A) Maximus B) Labrum C) Gluteal D) Sacral E) Popliteal

Answer 35

C) Gluteal

Question 36

The __________ is not part of the larynx. A) cricoid cartilage B) thyroid cartilage C) hyoid bone D) epiglottis E) vocal cords

Answer 36

C) hyoid bone

Question 37

What would you expect to name a muscle that lies alongside the medial bone of the forearm, crosses the wrist, and acts to open a fist?

Answer 37

extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 38

What is the name of the connective tissue that is found between the bellies of adjacent muscles?

Answer 38

fascia

Question 39

In the term atrophy, what is the meaning of the prefix and the root?

Answer 39

The prefix means without; the root means nourishment.

Question 40

The medical term which means loss of voice is

Answer 40

aphonia

Question 41

Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of __________.

Answer 41

capillaries

Question 42

Which of the following infections is characterized by a cough that sounds like a seal barking? A) Pneumonia B) Croup C) Diphtheria D) Tuberculosis E) Pleurisy

Answer 42

B) Croup

Question 43

Which protein acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle?

Answer 43

troponin

Question 44

Assuming the airways are open, when the intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure, we __________.

Answer 44

inhale

Question 45

What neurotransmitter is excitatory for skeletal muscles?

Answer 45

Acetylcholine