UNIT 3 Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is primary production?
The sourcing of raw materials from the ground or the sea. It is also using the earth’s resources to grow the likes of crops or flowers. Examples include quarrying or agriculture.
What is secondary production?
This takes the raw materials produced by the primary industries and works on it to manufacture goods. Examples include furniture manufacturing or a distillery.
What is tertiary production?
This provides services to all other industries and to members of the public. Includes the selling of goods, banking and education.
Define de-industrialisation:
The modern trend in employment which is a move away from the primary and secondary sectors towards employment in the tertiary sector
Give reasons for de-industrialisation:
-Farming is more mechanised so fewer people are requires. Same goes for manufacturing factories.
-Little raw materials from the in NI therefore needs fewer people
-Higher education standard means many young people choose to follow more professional careers.
-Increased demand for services like insurance so there is a need for employees.
-People spend more on leisure activities so entrepreneurs focus on those markets.
-Many local tradition industries have closed because they cannot compete with cheaper, foreign goods.
Give the advantages of specialisation:
-People can work constantly at jobs which suit their personal skills or training. In this way, each person becomes an expert at that particular function.
-The finished product should be of higher quality due to this expertise.
-Resources can be effectively used and concentrated in one place.
-Goods are made faster, therefore the output from the business is increased, resulting in higher profits.
Give the disadvantages of specialisation:
-The individual is only trained in one skill so it could be difficult to find work if made redundant.
-Work maybe come boring or repetitive which leads to careless mistakes.
-Any business using product specialisation becomes very dependent on other businesses.
-An area using country specialisation is very badly affected if the industry fails.
-Delays or strikes in one section can cause stoppages throughout the manufacturing.
Give the advantages of division of labour:
-Each worker becomes very practised at one task.
-Lengthy training is avoided because workers only have to be trained for one task.
-Work is faster so the cost per unit of manufacturing is reduced.
-Reduced pricing will raise sales revenue and profits.
Give the disadvantages of division of labour:
-Work can become very monotonous, leading to low job satisfaction showed by a demotivated workforce which results in high absenteeism and labour turnover.
-Bored workers can make careless mistakes.
-Delays or strikes in one section can cause stoppages throughout manufacturing.
-Workers can feel isolated.
-Difficlty to find work if made redundant.
Define job manufacturing:
Where one single item is produced at a time and is often completed to the customer’s individual specification.
Define batch manufacturing:
Where several if the same product are made at the same time. When the first batch is completed, manufacturing continues with the second and so on.
Define flow manufacturing:
Also known as mass manufacturing or assembly line manufacturing. Used in most modern manufacturing. Where ine product is made continuously and in large numbers.
Define process manufacturing:
Refers to the manufacturing of process goods which cannot be disassembled. Therefore it i the opposite of other methods of manufacturing which cannot be disassembled be produced in parts.
Give examples of job manufacturing:
Luxury cars, wedding cakes, landscape gardening, etc.
Give examples of batch manufacturing:
Newspapers, bread, clothing, etc.
Give examples of flow manufacturing:
Inexpensive clothing, toys, televisions, etc.
Give examples of process manufacturing:
Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, etc.
What are the advantages of job manufacturing?
-Made to the customer’s exact requirements
-Producing a high quality item means high job satisfaction.
-Quality is very high.
-Design is flexible and can be changed.
What are the disadvantages of job manufacturing?
-Products are very expensive
-Work is very time consuming
What are the advantages of batch manufacturing?
-Workers may specialise to some degree.
-Labour costs are reduced so the final price is lower.
-Manufacturing is faster.
-MAchinery can be used
What are the disadvantages of batch manufacturing?
-Work is less interesting & repetitive.
—More safe is required for working and storage.
-Large inventories of raw materials must be kept.
-Machines may have to ve re-set between batches which loses time.
What are the advantages of flow manufacturing?
-Quality of product is standardised.
-Large quantities can be manufactured.
-Unskilled wages further reduce costs.
-Takes full advantage of EoS
What are the disadvantages of flow manufacturing?
-Low job satisfaction
-Machinery breakdown can halt manufacturing.
-Large capital investment is required.
-Increased risk of accidents
What are the advantages of process manufacturing?
-Manufacturing is continuous.
-goods can be produced n large quantities.
-Produced to the same standard with a clear and detailed formula means increased efficiency.
