Unit 3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is relative rate
the relative rate of a reaction is the rate at any one particular point
how do we measure rate
changes in the:
Concentration
Mass
Volume of gas produced
what needs to happen in order for there to be a successful collision
- Correct Collision Geometry
- Correct Activation energy
what is made after the successful collision
An activated complex
what happens to the rate of reaction when surface area increase/ particles become broken up into smaller pieces
the rate of the chemical reaction is increased as:
More particles are exposed to the reactant
what happens to the rate of reaction if you increase the temperature
the rate of the chemical reaction is increased:
The kinetic energy of particles has been increased
what happens to the rate of reaction if you increase the concentration
the rate of the chemical reaction is increased:
increases the number of particles in the same amount of volume
what happens to the rate of reaction if you increase the pressure
the rate of the chemical reaction is increased:
Increased number of gaseous reactants
what is the reaction if the enthalpy change is negative
the reaction is exothermic
what is the reaction if the enthalpy change is positive
the reaction is endothermic
what happens to the potential energy diagram if a catalyst is added
it lowers the activation energy so the curve appears lower on the graph
what happens to the kinetic energy diagram if a catalyst is added
the line for the activation energy is decreased in value so will appear further back.
what are industrial processes designed for.
they are designed to maximise profit and minimise the impact on the environment.
what is green chemistry
it is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and production of hazardous substances.
what are the environment considerations
minimising waste
avoiding the use or production of toxic substances
designing products which will be biodegradable if appropriate
what is Le Châtelier’s Principle
if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions the system will respond by shifting the equilibrium position to counteract the change and restore balance.
what is equilibrium
the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
what happens to the equilibrium the you increase the temperature
this favours the endothermic reaction so therefor equilibrium will shift to the right hand side if the enthalpy change is +ve
what happens to the equilibrium if you increase the pressure
increasing the pressure favours the side with the less moles so therefor the equilibrium will shift to that side
what does adding a catalyst do to the equilibrium
adding a catalyst would not effect the equilibrium but it does allow equilibrium to be reached quicker
