Unit 3 Flashcards
(57 cards)
Define ‘Attachment’
A close and affectionate bond between the infant and caregiver
Who is John Bowlby?
- Founder of attachment theory
- British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst
- Notable for his interest in child development and for pioneering work in attachment theory
what did John Bowlby believe?
- Believed that the earliest bonds formed w children and their caregivers, have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life.
Describe Bowlby’s Ethological Theory
- Recognizes infants emotional tie to the caregivers as an evolved response that promotes survival
- enforced the idea that feeding is NOT the basis for attachment
- Basis of his theory is Mothers who are available and responsive to their infants needs, establishes a sense of security in their children.
What takes place during the Pre-Attachment phase according to Bowlby?
birth to 6 weeks
- Baby’ initial signals attract caregiver (Smiling, crying)
- Caregiver remains close and responds positively
- infant recognizes mothers scent, voice, and face
- not yet attached to and ok to be left with others
- No fear of strangers YET
What takes place during the Attachment in the Making Phase according to Bowlby?
6weeks to 8months
- Infant now responds differently to caregivers vs strangers
- learns that their actions affect those around them
- begins to develop a sense of trust, and that they will receive a reaction from caregivers when they act
What takes place during the Clear Cut Phase according to Bowlby?
8months to 2 years
- Attachment to caregiver is evident
- Display ‘seperation anxiety’ and levels dependent on child
baby has not developed object permanence
What takes place during the Formation of Reciprocal Relationships phase?
2years+
- Able to understand factors that influence caregivers comings/goings and aware they will return
- Separation Anxiety will decline
- Child learns to request needs from caregivers
- With age, child depends less on caregivers, is available in times of need
- rapid growth in language
What are the 4 different attachment styles and describe each one.
Think Sara Always Dismisses fear
- Secure : Trust easily, attuned with emotions, communicate upset directly, leads with cooperative behaviour majority of the time
- Anxious: Struggles to communicate upsets directly, has a sensitive nervous system, tends to ‘act out’ when triggered
- Avoidant (Dismissive):Downplays importance of relationships, usually very self reliant, can become more vulnerable when there is a crisis.
- Avoidant (Fearful): Strongly fears rejection, has low self esteem, has high anxiety in relationships.
Define Protest
Crying, protesting, and searching for the mother
EX: Crying when gets dropped off at daycare
Define Despair
The child becomes very quiet
Define Regression
Returning to a level of behaviour more common to development
Define Detachment
The child withdraws as though cut off from the world
Who is Harry Harlow?
- American psychologist
- Best known for his maternal - separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rehuses monkeys.
Describe his experiment regarding Rhesus monkeys and infant-mother attachment
- Harlow found that the infant monkeys spent significantly more time with the terry cloth ‘mom’ than the wire ‘mom’ which provided food.
- Harlows work shows that infants would prefer comfort over food.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
- Developmental psychologist who designed the ‘Strange Situation Experiment’
Describe her Strange Situation Experiment.
- Done to observe early emotional attachments between a child and its primary caregiver
- states that infants need a secure attachment, or else it can lead to problems
What is Ainsworths’ Maternal Sensitivity Hypothesis?
- Her maternal sensitivity hypothesis argues that a child’s attachment style is dependent on the behaviour their mother shows the,.
- Sensitive mothers are responsive to the child’s needs and responds to their moods correctively
Who is Konrad Lorenz and what study did he investigate?
- He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethnology
- working with geese he investigated the principle of imprinting
Define Imprinting
- The process by which species bond instinctively with the first moving option that they see within the first few hours of life.
Describe the 4 stages of language development.
Babbling: Begins approx. at 3months and continues until a child is about 10 months old
Holophrastic: One word stage - approx btwn 11 months and 1.5years. Child can produce a small number of isolated single words and mainly sounds.
Two-Word Stage: Children start using two worded sentences more than just using single words for everything, EX: ‘get milk’ instead of ‘milk’
Telegraphic Stage: before a child can speak fluently and begins roughly around 2.5years of age, and on word indefinitely until a child has fluent language skills.
What is the first means of communication?
- Crying
- Different cries for different reasons
- Caregivers respond to child’ needs
- Development of trust (Erikson)
What is an example of an effective way of communication?
- Movements
- Gestures
What is baby talk?
- Listening to others talk, especially to the baby, is important for an infants language development.
