Unit 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the four core tissue types in the human body?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous.
What are key characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Juxtaposed polygonal cells
- avascular
- polarized
- scarce ECM
- supported by basal lamina
Name the three poles of polarized epithelial cells.
Apical, Basal, Lateral.
What structures are found at the apical pole?
Microvilli, stereocilia, cilia.
What is the function of the basal membrane? - 5
- Adhesion
- filtration
- cell migration
- structural support
- regulation of proliferation
What are five key functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection, absorption, secretion, sensory reception, and excretion.
Give an example of an epithelium with a sensory function.
Lingual epithelium.
What are the three classifications of epithelial cells by shape?
Squamous (flat), Cuboidal, Columnar.
What are the three classifications of epithelial cells by layers?
Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified.
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
- Endothelium (vessels)
- Mesothelium (body cavities)
- alveoli
- renal glomeruli
What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection (e.g., epidermis, mucosae).
What’s the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium?
Keratinized: no nuclei in top layer (e.g., skin). Non-keratinized: nuclei remain (e.g., mouth, vagina).
What does pseudostratified epithelium look like and where is it found?
Appears layered but all cells touch basal lamina; found in the trachea and epididymis.
What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?
Epithelium that changes shape based on bladder fullness; found in urinary tract.
What are the three types of glandular epithelia?
Exocrine, Endocrine, Amphicrine.
What is the function of exocrine glands?
Secrete into ducts leading to surfaces or cavities.
Give examples of exocrine glands.
Sweat glands, salivary glands, sebaceous glands.
What are the three secretion types of exocrine glands?
Merocrine (exocytosis), Apocrine (apical rupture), Holocrine (entire cell ruptures).
What do endocrine glands secrete and where?
Hormones into the bloodstream (e.g., thyroid, pituitary).
What defines amphicrine glands?
They have both exocrine and endocrine functions (e.g., pancreas, liver).
What are the four phases of skin healing?
Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, Remodeling.
What happens during hemostasis?
Platelets form clots; fibrin and fibronectin create a matrix.
What cells are involved in the inflammation phase?
Neutrophils and macrophages; release proinflammatory cytokines.
What happens during the proliferation phase?
Stem cells regenerate epidermis, fibroblasts make collagen III, angiogenesis begins.
