Unit 3 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Layers of Skin
Epidermis: thin + tough
Dermis: inner support
Subcutaneous: adipose
Immature Skin @ Infancy
cannot prevent fluid loss or regulate temp
Skin @ Pregnancy
pigment change and stretch marks; striae
Skin @ Aging
stratum corneum change = chemicals access through skin easier; change hair distribution; wrinkling
Melanin
protects against harmful UV rags; genetic advantage of darker skinned
Skin Subjective Data
hx of skin disease; pigmentation change; mole change; moisture change; pruritus; bruising; lesion; hair loss; meds; nail change; hazards; self-care behavior
Skin Subjective @ Infancy
birthmarks; skin color change; diaper rash; burns; exposure to other conditions; protection from UV
Skin Objective Data
Color; Pigmentation; Tone Change; Temp/Moisture/Thick/Edema Mobility Turgor Vascularity; Hair; Nails
Patient Education
Skin Self-Exam; UV exposure; Newborn variations
Head
skull, sutures, 14 facial bones
Head/Neck @ Infancy
head is larger than chest; fontanels + sutures; lymphoid tissue growing, atrophies at 10
Head/Neck @ Pregnancy
thyroid gland enlarges = hyperplasia
Head/Neck @ Aging
facial bone + orbit prominence, skin sags
Head/Neck Subjective
HA, injury, dizziness, pn/ROM, lumps/swelling, hx,
Children Head/Neck Subjective
mother’s OH/drug intake; vaginal/cesarean; growth markers
Head/Neck Objective Developmental
Infant: fontanel, tonic neck reflex
Pregnant: chloasma, thyroid gland enlargement
Aging: prominent temporal arteries + senile tremors
Sight + Neocortex
> 50% involved with processing visual information
External Ocular Anatomy
Eyelids, Orbital Cavity, Eyelashes, Canthus, Caruncle, Tarsal Plate, Meibomian Glands, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal Apparatus, Puncta
Ocular Muscles (External)
CN III, IV, VI
Internal Ocular Anatomy
Sclera, Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Choroid, Ciliary Body, Retina (light changed to impulses)
Visual Reflexes
Pupillary Light Reflex (pupil constriction); Fixation (move towards item); Accomodation (near vision)
Age-Related Eye
NEONATE: peripheral intact, macula absent, poor movement
ELDERLY: lacrimal + pupil decrease, lens loses elasticity, senile cataract, glaucoma, macular degen, diabetic retinopathy
Vision Subjective
difficulty, pn, strabismus/diplopia, red, swell, discharge, hx, glaucoma, sight aids, meds, vision loss, vaginal infx at birth, dev milestones, safety measure against trauma
Vision Objective
central VA, >40 near vision, peripheral fields - confrontation test, extraocular muscle function - corneal light function, cover test, diagnostic positions test; inspect external/anterior structures, ocular fundus (optic disc, vessels, color + integrity, macula)
