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Nat 5 Chemistry > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What happens when monomers join together during addition polymerisation?

A

Double bond breaks allowing free electrons to bond

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2
Q

What is a repeating unit?

A

Smallest part of chain that can represent the whole polymer

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3
Q

What are condensation polymers made from?

A

Monomers with two functional groups in each molecules

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4
Q

What is the condensation polymerisation general equation?

A

Idol + dicarboxylic acid -> polyester + water

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5
Q

When monomers join together during condensation polymerisation, what molecule is lost?

A

Water

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6
Q

What three elements provide nutrients for plants?

A

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)

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7
Q

What is the haber process used for?

A

To make ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen and hydrogen

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8
Q

What is ammonia used for?

A

The making of fertilisers

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9
Q

What catalyst is used in the Haber process?

A

Iron

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10
Q

What is the Ostwald process?

A

When ammonia is used to make nitric acid

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11
Q

What are the starting materials for the Ostwald process?

A

Oxygen and ammonia

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12
Q

How does oxygen and ammonia combine to form nitrogen oxide in the Ostwald process?

A

In a reaction chamber where the catalyst is platinum

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13
Q

How can percentage mass of an element in a compound be calculated?

A

% mass = total mass of element/ formula mass X 100%

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14
Q

Describe a metal’s structure

A

A giant lattice of positively charged metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons

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15
Q

How does a metal conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons are free to move around

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16
Q

Metal + water -> ?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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17
Q

Metal + acid -> ?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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18
Q

Metal + oxygen -> ?

A

Metal oxide

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19
Q

Which end of the reactivity series is most reactive?

A

Top

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20
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electrons

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21
Q

What is reduction?

A

The gaining of electrons

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22
Q

Where are most metals found?

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A

In rocks called ores

23
Q

What metals can be extracted with electrolysis?

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A

Highly reactive, e.g - magnesium, aluminium

24
Q

How can metals with a medium reactivity be extracted?

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A

Heat with carbon (eg - zinc, iron, tin ,copper)

25
How could silver or gold be extracted?
Heat alone
26
When are addition polymers formed?
When lots of small unsaturated molecules (monomers) join together
27
What is a reducing agent?
An element that causes the reduction of the metal from it's ore
28
What does an electrolyte do?
It allows a flow of ions and connects the circuit
29
Which way do the electrons flow form metal to metal?
High metal in electrochemical series gives electrons to lower metal
30
What does a bigger gap (in electrochemical series) give?
A higher voltage
31
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction which involves an oxidation and a reduction reaction
32
What must balance out in order to write a redox reaction?
The electrons
33
What is an example of an every day product that uses redox reactions?
Fuel cells and rechargeable batteries
34
Who is hydrogen often used in fuel cells?
Because only water is produced so there is very little pollution
35
When does radioactivity occur?
When unstable isotopes of elements spontaneously decay with the emission of radiation and release of energy
36
What are some examples of background radiation?
Cosmic rays, rocks, the sun
37
How can radioactivity be measured?
With a Geiger-Muller tube
38
What is an alpha particle?
A helium nuclei, 2 protons + 2 neutrons
39
What is the symbol for an alpha particle?
4/2 He ^ 2+
40
What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha, beta and gamma
41
What is a beta particle?
Fast moving electrons from the nucleus
42
What is the symbol for a beta particle?
0/-1 e
43
What is gamma radiation?
Waves which have no mass
44
What penetrates alpha radiation?
A sheet of paper
45
What penetrates beta radiation?
A few mm of aluminium
46
What penetrates gamma?
A few cm of lead or concrete
47
When writing nuclear equations what must be equal on both sides?
Mass and atomic number
48
What is half-life?
The average time taken for the activity of a radioactive substance to decrease by half
49
How long a half life is safer?
A shorter half life
50
What can used to find the age of something?
Carbon dating
51
What is a medical use of radioisotopes?
Gamma can be used for radio therapy
52
What are some industrial uses of radio isotopes?
Sterilise surgical equipment, ensure correct fill level in packaging foods, gauge thickness in sheet metal
53
What type of radiation is used in smoke detectors?
Alpha

Nat 5 Chemistry (3 decks)

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