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Higher Human Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made up of

A

Nerves

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4
Q

What is the function of the brain

A

For processing information

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5
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

To connect the brain with the PNS

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6
Q

What is the function of nerves

A

To carry information to and from the body

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7
Q

What is the PNS split up into

A

Autonomic systems and somatic systems

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8
Q

What does somatic systems control

A

Voluntary actions

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9
Q

What does autonomic systems control

A

Involuntary actions

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10
Q

What is the autonomic system split into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic

A

To prepare body for fight or flight

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12
Q

What does sympathetic do to the body

A

Increases heart rate
Increases breathing rate
Inhibits digestive processes
Relaxes bladder

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13
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic

A

Prepares body for rest and digest to allow for recovery

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14
Q

What does the parasympathetic do to the body

A

Decreases heart rate
Decreases breathing rate
Increases rate of peristalsis
Contracts bladder

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15
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

Coordinated voluntary movements and receives sensory information and controls decision making

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16
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

Controls emotion, behaviour and biological motivation e.g. If hungry you eat

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17
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Controls balance posture and movement

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18
Q

What is the function of the medulla

A

To control actions without conscious thought e.g. Peristalsis, breathing rates

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19
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum

A

A bundle of fibres which connect the two cerebral hemispheres together passing information between them

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20
Q

What are the three types of functional areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Sensory
Association
Motor

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21
Q

What is the function of the motor area

A

To send impulses to the skeletal muscles

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22
Q

What is the function of the sensory area

A

Receives senses from the skin organs and muscles

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23
Q

What is the function of the association area

A

Receives impulses from eyes

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24
Q

What is the process of touching something hot

A
  • The sensory area receives information from receptions in the skin
  • The association area analyses and interprets the information to make a decision
  • The motor area receives the information from the association area and carries out the orders by sending motor impulses to the elbow muscles
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25
Define episodic memories
Recall of personal facts and memories
26
Where are episodic memories stored
Various regions of the cortex
27
Define semantic memories
Recall of general knowledge and facts
28
Where are semantic memories stored
Various regions of the cortex
29
Define spatial memories
Recall of info about the environment and where objects are positioned
30
Where are spatial memories stored
Limbic system
31
Define procedural memories
Motor and mental skills
32
Where are procedural memories stored
Motor cortex
33
Define emotional memories
From when positive or negative associations are made with experiences e.g. Going to the dentist
34
Define perception
Where the brain processes, analyses and makes sense of out-coming sensory information
35
What are the three areas of perception
Recognition Segregation of objects Perception of distance
36
What is segregation of objects
Where the brain segregated the image into the figure and the background to make a coherent pattern
37
What is relative size
The further away something is the smaller it looks
38
What is superimposition
When one object to blocking another the image that is being blocked looks further away
39
What is relative height and field
When the objects have their base levels below a visible horizon and the objects with the lower bases appear closer
40
Binocular disparity
The eyes see two images from different angles however the brain fuses the images together to give an overall perception of the object
41
Perceptual constancy
The capacity to appreciate the unchanging dimensions of an object as it moves
42
Perceptual set
A group of expectations based on past experience and context which affects how stimulus is perceived
43
Define recognition
The ability to perceive an objects physical properties such as shape colour and texture
44
Define memory
The capacity to recall information when required
45
What are the three stages of memorising
Encoding Storage Retrieval
46
When information enters the brain where does it go
Sensory memory -> short term memory -> then either to long term memory OR discarded
47
How long does sensory information last
A few seconds
48
How long does short term memory last
30 seconds
49
How can STM be lost
By displacement or decay
50
Methods of moving info from the STM to the LTM
Rehearsal Elaboration Organisation
51
How can retrieval happen
By contextual cues (reminders) and signs
52
What is a neuron
a nerve cell
53
What is a nerve
bundles of fibres which carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
54
What are the fibres in neurons called
dendrites and axons
55
What is the function of a dendrites
to conduct nervous impulses towards the cell body
56
What is the function of an axon
to conduct nervous impulses away from the cell body
57
What are the three types of neurons
sensory, inter, motor
58
What is the function of a sensory neuron
carry impulses into the CNS
59
What is the function of an inter neuron
conducts impulses within the CNS, linking sensory and motor neurons
60
What is the function of a motor neuron
conduct impulses from the CNS to muscle or glands
61
What are the roles of a glial cell
providing physical support for neurons, production of myelin sheaths, maintain a homeostatic environment around neurons.
62
What is a neurotransmtter
chemicals that relay messages from nerve to nerve outwith and within the brain.
63
Where do neurons connect with other neurons
the synaptic cleft
64
Where are neurotransmitters stored
in vesicles in the pre-synaptic cleft
65
What do neurons bind to when diffusing across the cleft
receptors

Higher Human Biology (4 decks)

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