Unit 3

Question 1

queen

Answer 1

lay eggs

produce pheromones

Question 2

drones

Answer 2

develop through parthenogenesis

mate with virgin queens

Question 3

workers

Answer 3

undeveloped reproductive organs

perform tasks

Question 4

division of labour

Answer 4

variation in frequency at which individual bees engage in specific activities

Question 5

primary division of labour

Answer 5

perform different behaviours (queens, workers, drones)

Question 6

secondary division of labour

Answer 6

workers
age polyethism
start with low-risk end with high-risk

Question 7

newly emerged bee

Answer 7

search cells for food
beg for pre-digested food
receive food by trophallaxis

Question 8

bursicon

Answer 8

involved in hardening of cuticle

Question 9

nurse bees

Answer 9

(5-12 days)
when hypopharyngeal gland develops
feed larva

Question 10

food processing

Answer 10

nectar ripening and pollen storing

Question 11

evaporation

Answer 11

reduces water content of nectar

Question 12

digestion

Answer 12

breaks down sugars

Question 13

active evaporation

Answer 13

bee regurgitates honey stomach content and blows bubbles - sucks nectar back and repeats

Question 14

invertase

Answer 14

breaks down sucrose into fructose (levulose) and glucose (dextrose)

Question 15

passive evaporation

Answer 15

air current remove more water

Question 16

comb building

Answer 16

12-15 days
wax glands are developed
consume large amounts of honey

Question 17

guarding

Answer 17

14-18 days
intercepts incoming bees to smell them with antennae
alert and recruit

Question 18

foraging

Answer 18

3 weeks

collect water, pollen, nectar and propolis

Question 19

why does the colony need division of labour

Answer 19

changes according to colony needs

Question 20

what causes behaviour

Answer 20

stimuli
genetic predisposition
physiological development
hormone regulation

Question 21

worker cells

Answer 21

0.5cm

used to rear workers and store nectar and pollen

Question 22

drone cells

Answer 22

larder than worker cells

used to rear drones and food stores

Question 23

queen cells

Answer 23

peanut shaped
hang from comb edges
used to rear queens

Question 24

brood rearing

Answer 24

centre of combs in the middle of the nest 35C

Question 25

winter

Answer 25

cluster together to maintain heat when temp <13C heat produced by fast contractions of thoracic muscles (shiver) hive temp 20-30C

Question 26

late winter

Answer 26

``` queen resumes laying eggs increase nest temp 34-35C rapid consumption of honey and pollen older bees die lowest population size ```

Question 27

spring

Answer 27

population grows rapidly swarming mating flights

Question 28

summer

Answer 28

``` peak when max. nectar flow prep for winter robbing pop. starts to decline by august queen reduces egg laying rate ```

Question 29

fall

Answer 29

pop. declines drones expelled start building up fat reserves

Question 30

colony consumption

Answer 30

20-30 kg pollen | 60-80 kg honey

Question 31

karl von frish

Answer 31

bee dances | nobel prize 1973

Question 32

round dance

Answer 32

narrow circles on the comb touch with antennae fly circles around hive until they find the source <80m, smell, taste, quality

Question 33

wagtail dance

Answer 33

``` narrow semicircle then straight line wiggles abdomen low frequency with wings touch with antennae >80m faster dance = closer source source, quality, quantity, direction ```