Unit 3

Question 1

Criminology

Answer 1

The study of crime causation, crime prevention, and the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders

Question 2

Deviance

Answer 2

Actions or behaviours that violate social norms and that may or may not be against the law

Question 3

Social Control

Answer 3

Informal and Formal from either social interactions or official authorities

Question 4

Moral Entrepreneur

Answer 4

A person who influences or changes the creation or enforcement of a society’s moral codes

Question 5

Consensus Law

Answer 5

The law as a neutral framework for sustaining social stability

Question 6

Conflict View

Answer 6

Society as a collection of diverse groups that are continually in conflict

Question 7

Interactionist View

Answer 7

Crime and the law reflect the beliefs of particular people who force their definitions of right and wrong on the members of society

Question 8

Critical Legal Studies

Answer 8

Focuses on contradictions and ambiguities within the legal system

Question 9

Feminist Legal Theory

Answer 9

The law helps maintain women’s inferior status as well as how to fix this

Question 10

Critical Race Theory

Answer 10

Looks at issues of oppression and discrimination in the justice system and the legal profession

Question 11

Moral Panic

Answer 11

The reaction of a group based on the false, distorted, or exaggerated perception that some group of behaviour threatens the well-being of society

Question 12

Fear-Gender Paradox

Answer 12

The phenomenon whereby women experience higher rates of fear of being victimized even though men are more likely to be victims of crime

Question 13

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 13

The belief that behaviour is not the result of supernatural or other-worldly forces & need to get a punishment that outweighs gains from the crime

Question 14

Biological Determinism

Answer 14

The hypothesis that biological factors completely determine a person’s behaviour

Question 15

Harold Innis

Answer 15

Societies need to transcend both space and time in order to continue (Time-biased media & Space-biased media)

Question 16

Marshall McLuhan

Answer 16

In addition to the content of a message we need to look at the medium at which the message was spread (Hot media & Cool media)

Question 17

CanCon

Answer 17

Federal regulations that stipulate the required percentage of Canadian content in television and radio broadcasts

Question 18

MAPL

Answer 18

The Guidelines for Canadian Music (need to have 2 aspects be Canadian)

Question 19

CRTC

Answer 19

The Guidelines for Canadian Television

Question 20

Social Stratification

Answer 20

When society organizes people into a hierarchical system according to social class

Question 21

Absolute Poverty

Answer 21

The failure to meet the basic needs of life, including adequate food, clean water, and shelter

Question 22

Relative Poverty

Answer 22

The inability to secure goods and services required to live a life equal to working-class standards

Question 23

Indigenize

Answer 23

To incorporate new cultural values and messages into the local culture

Question 24

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 24

Seeing cultures as fluid, which helps individuals resist cultural homogenization

Question 25

Modernization Theory

Answer 25

Since industrialized nations are doing so well, poor countries should want to be like them

Question 26

Dependency Theory

Answer 26

Globalization had maintained and enhanced the wealth of some nations while creating poverty in others

Question 27

World System Theory

Answer 27

The worlds capitalist economies can be seen as a hierarchy with 3 parts: The Core, Periphery, and Semi-Periphery

Question 28

Environmental Sociology

Answer 28

The study of interactions between the human social world and the environment

Question 29

Anthropocentrism

Answer 29

Humans are separate from, and above the rest of nature (early sociologists)

Question 30

Human Exceptionalism Paradigm

Answer 30

Humans are exceptional but not exempt from the natural world

Question 31

New Environmental Paradigm

Answer 31

Humans and nature interact with one another

Question 32

New Ecological Paradigm

Answer 32

Society is beginning to exceed the limits of the environment

Question 33

Ecocentric

Answer 33

Humans are only one part of the larger global ecosystem

Question 34

Triple Bottom Line

Answer 34

What Sociologists believe companies should consider: Profit, People, Planet

Question 35

Triple Helix

Answer 35

Highlights how universities, industries, and governments can work together to innovate & protect the environment

Question 36

Levels of Biodiversity

Answer 36

Ecosystem Diversity, Species Diversity, Genetic Diversity

Question 37

Impacts to the Global Environment

Answer 37

Greenhouse gases (from industries, and permafrost melting), water pollution, air pollution, solid waste, and population growth

Question 38

Environmental Racism

Answer 38

A form of discrimination against minority groups and people from poor countries who are subjected to a disproportionate share of environmental hazards and polluting industries

Question 39

Bioprospecting

Answer 39

Occurs when companies search in poor or indigenous areas for new biological entities they can exploit

Question 40

Biocolonialsim

Answer 40

Occurs when western companies exploit indigenous areas and express a dominant-submissive relationship

Question 41

Biopiracy

Answer 41

Unauthorized appropriation of traditional biological and genetic knowledge, resources, and practices of indigenous peoples

Question 42

Deep Ecology

Answer 42

The belief that unless we believe environmental issues become “our” issues, very little can be accomplished

Question 43

Environmental Paradigm

Answer 43

Argues that traditional views of the future were grounded on the belief that industrial, technological, and scientific development would continue to provide people’s material needs forever

Question 44

Treadmill of Production Theory

Answer 44

Asserts that capitalism’s insatiable quest for profits and economic expansion is at odds with protecting the environment

Question 45

Ecological Modernization Theory

Answer 45

Presents an optimistic view of the future suggesting that technology and scientific discoveries will keep pace with human and environmental pressures and allow economic expansion without destroying the environment

Question 46

Ecofeminism

Answer 46

An approach that investigates the domination of women and nature by men