Unit 3

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.

Question 2

Chlorophyll

Answer 2

A molecule in chloroplasts that absorb some of the energy in visible light.

Question 3

Thylakoid

Answer 3

Stacks of coin-shaped membrane-enclosed compartments called grana.

Question 4

Light-dependent reaction

Answer 4

Captures energy from sunlight.

Question 5

Light-independent reaction

Answer 5

Uses energy from light-dependent reaction to make sugars.

Question 6

Photosystem

Answer 6

Light energy is captured and transferred in the thylakoid membranes by two groups of molecules.

Question 7

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 7

A series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid.

Question 8

ATP Synthase

Answer 8

The protein channel that creates ATP.

Question 9

Calvin Cycle

Answer 9

Makes simple sugars.

Question 10

Cellular Respiration

Answer 10

Releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.

Question 11

Aerobic

Answer 11

Where oxygen is used to make ATP, H2O, and CO2.

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

Splits glucose into two pyruvate and makes some ATP.

Question 13

Anaerobic

Answer 13

Does not need oxygen.

Question 14

Krebs Cycle

Answer 14

Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration.

Question 15

CO2 + H2O –> C6H12O6 + O2

Answer 15

Photosynthesis

Question 16

C6H12O6 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

Answer 16

Cellular Respiration

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

An organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell’s DNA.

Question 18

Cell Membrane

Answer 18

Double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundry between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 19

Cell Wall

Answer 19

Rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

An organelle that links amino acids together for form proteins.

Question 21

Lysosome

Answer 21

An organelle that contains enzymes.

Question 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 22

Interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins.

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

Stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

An organelle found inside the nucleus that makes parts of the ribosome.

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell.

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

Bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has it's own ribosomes and DNA.

Question 28

Chloroplast

Answer 28

Organelle compsed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Question 29

Cilia/Flagella

Answer 29

Short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food.

Question 30

Vesicles

Answer 30

Small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm.

Question 31

Prokaryote

Answer 31

Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 32

Eukaryote

Answer 32

Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.