Unit 3

Question 1

a heretical sect that saw all of the created world as evil, opposed the priesthood, and rejected the dogma of the Eucharist

Answer 1

Albigensians-

Question 2

brought a drastic loss of clergy which led to ill-prepared men being ordained to the priesthood

Answer 2

Black Death

Question 3

stressed solitude, manual labor and poverty

Answer 3

Cistercians-

Question 4

gave Church councils (sometimes appointed by secular leaders) supremacy over popes

Answer 4

Conciliar movement

Question 5

among the greatest intellectuals of the time

Answer 5

Dominicans-

Question 6

displaying and praying before the exposed Blessed Sacrament

Answer 6

Eucharistic Adoration

Question 7

In the first crusade what Pope was involved

Answer 7

Byzantine emperor asked Pope Urban II for protection against invading Turkish Muslims

Question 8

Status with Jerusalem in the first crusade

Answer 8

Turks besieged Jerusalem and prevented Christians from visiting

Question 9

What happened in the fourth crusade

Answer 9

Crusaders pillaged Constantinople, vandalizing sacred places and attacking the citizens

Question 10

the first mendicant order that imitated Christ and his poverty by begging for sustenance

Answer 10

Franciscans-

Question 11

a split within the Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417 where there were two or three claimants to the papacy at once

Answer 11

Great Western Schism

Question 12

established to root out all heresies by Pope Gregory IX

Answer 12

Medieval Inquisition

Question 13

Who were the inquisitors in the Medieval Inquisition

Answer 13

Franciscans and Dominicans

Question 14

Goal of the Medieval Inquisition and punishments

Answer 14

conversion; penalties included fasting, pilgrimages, more Masses, certain clothing; only 1% were killed

Question 15

traveled from town to town preaching, teaching, and serving the poor while relying on charity for their basic needs

Answer 15

Mendicant orders

Question 16

fought King Philip II over taxing the clergy

Answer 16

Pope Boniface VIII

Question 17

moved the papacy to Avignon, France

Answer 17

Pope Clement V-

Question 18

moved the papacy back to Rome

Answer 18

Pope Gregory XI

Question 19

a medieval method of thinking, teaching and writing; arrived at the truth by dialogue and dialectical reasoning between two or more people

Answer 19

Scholasticism-

Question 20

reconciled the logic of Aristotle with the truths of the Church, focused on knowledge about God

Answer 20

Scholasticism-

Question 21

established to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Answer 21

Spanish Inquisition

Question 22

Punishment of Spanish Inquisition

Answer 22

persecuted Jews, Muslims and Protestants

Question 23

Goal and penalty of Spanish Inquisition

Answer 23

goal was to get rid of everyone not Catholic; penalty was death; Pope objected; King and Queen cut him out

Question 24

great medieval mystic credited with persuading the Pope to return to Rome

Answer 24

St. Catherine of Siena

Question 25

wrote Summa Theologica, to show the existence of God and our relationship with him

Answer 25

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 26

provided beautiful light, depicted events from Scripture and Church history, provided religious instruction for the illiterate

Answer 26

Stained glass

Question 27

Church doctrine that the substance of bread and wine is transformed in the Eucharist into the Real Presence of Jesus Christ through his Body and Blood

Answer 27

Transubstantiation-

Question 28

rise of nationalism, moved headquarters to Avignon, the conciliar movement

Answer 28

Weakened papacy

Question 29

Seven canons issued by Lateran Council IV:

Answer 29

1. Enforcing clerical celibacy 2. Ending the practices of simony and nepotism 3. Must confess mortal sins once a year and before receiving the Eucharist 4. Seal of the confessional 5. Must receive the Eucharist on Easter Sunday 6. Seven Sacraments 7. Defining Transubstantiation

Question 30

Second crusade

Answer 30

Most disastrous, lost Jerusalem

Question 31

Third crusade

Answer 31

Launched by kings of England, failed to regain Jerusalem but secured rights for visiting

Question 32

Pros from crusades

Answer 32

- scholars exposed Western Europe to advances in education from contact with Muslims. - crusaders brought back works of Greek philopshers - works influenced Thomas and other religious scholars