Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VCE Biology 3/4 > Unit 3 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Repression

A

Process that switches off gene transcription.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attenuation

A

Regulatory mechanism preventing transcription completion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

trp Operon

A

Cluster of genes for tryptophan production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leader Region

A

Segment producing leader mRNA before structural genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leader mRNA

A

Transcribed from leader region, encodes leader peptide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structural Genes

A

Genes coding for metabolic enzymes in operons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Promoter

A

DNA region where RNA polymerase binds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Operator

A

Site controlling transcription within an operon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Regulatory Gene

A

Gene producing repressor protein for transcription control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Repressor Protein

A

Transcription factor that inhibits gene expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hairpin Loop

A

Secondary structure formed in mRNA during transcription.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anti-terminator Loop

A

Hairpin allowing transcription to continue when tRNAtrp is low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transcription Terminator Loop

A

Hairpin that halts transcription when tRNAtrp is high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Codons

A

Triplet sequences coding for specific amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

UA Bonds

A

Weak bonds between mRNA and DNA in attenuator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gene Regulation

A

Control of gene product timing and amount.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intracellular Concentration of trp

A

Internal levels of tryptophan affecting gene expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Charged tRNAtrp

A

tRNA with tryptophan ready for translation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Enzyme synthesizing RNA from DNA template.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Translation

A

Process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stalling of Ribosome

A

Halting of ribosome due to lack of tRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Molecules transmitting inherited genetic information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, double-stranded genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, single-stranded genetic material.
26
Prokaryotic DNA
Single circular chromosome found in bacteria.
27
Eukaryotic DNA
Multiple linear chromosomes located in the nucleus.
28
Histones
Proteins that coil DNA in eukaryotes.
29
Nucleotide
Building block of DNA and RNA.
30
Phosphate group
PO4^3- attached to nucleotides.
31
Pentose sugar
Five-carbon sugar in nucleotides, deoxyribose in DNA.
32
Nitrogenous bases
A, T, C, G in DNA; A, U, C, G in RNA.
33
Purines
Double-ring nitrogenous bases: A and G.
34
Pyrimidines
Single-ring nitrogenous bases: C and T.
35
DNA polymerase
Enzyme joining deoxyribonucleotides in DNA synthesis.
36
Phosphodiester bond
Link between nucleotides in nucleic acids.
37
5' end
Phosphate group protrudes from this end.
38
3' end
Hydroxyl group protrudes from this end.
39
Double helix
Structure of DNA formed by two strands.
40
Base pairing
A pairs with T, C pairs with G.
41
Hydrogen bonds
A-T pairs have 2; C-G pairs have 3.
42
Gene
DNA segment coding for a specific protein.
43
RNA types
Includes mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
44
RNA polymerase
Enzyme joining ribonucleotides in RNA synthesis.
45
Transcription
Process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA.
46
mRNA
Messenger RNA carrying genetic information from DNA.
47
RNA polymerase
Enzyme synthesizing RNA from DNA template.
48
Promoter region
DNA sequence signaling start of transcription.
49
Terminator sequence
Signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription.
50
Elongation
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to growing mRNA.
51
Introns
Non-coding segments removed during mRNA processing.
52
Exons
Coding segments joined to form mature mRNA.
53
Spliceosomes
Complexes that remove introns from pre-mRNA.
54
Methylated cap
Added to 5' end for ribosome attachment.
55
Poly-A tail
100-200 adenine nucleotides added to 3' end.
56
Alternative splicing
Produces different proteins from one gene.
57
Codons
Sequences of three nucleotides coding for amino acids.
58
tRNA
Transfers specific amino acids to ribosomes.
59
Ribosomes
Structures guiding tRNA attachment and amino acid linkage.
60
Initiation (Translation)
Ribosome binds mRNA and starts protein synthesis.
61
Start codon
AUG codon indicating where translation begins.
62
Elongation (Translation)
Amino acids added sequentially to polypeptide chain.
63
Nuclear pores
Channels allowing mRNA to exit the nucleus.
64
Cytoplasm
Site of translation where proteins are synthesized.
65
Polypeptide chain
Sequence of amino acids forming a protein.
66
tRNA
Transfer RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes.
67
Anticodon
Three-base sequence on tRNA pairing with mRNA codons.
68
Peptide bond
Covalent bond linking amino acids in proteins.
69
Condensation polymerization
Process forming peptide bonds by removing water.
70
Stop codon
Signals termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA.
71
Nucleus
Organelle containing DNA for protein production instructions.
72
Nucleolus
Site of ribosome assembly from rRNA and proteins.
73
Ribosome
Cellular structure where polypeptide synthesis occurs.
74
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Organelle modifying and transporting proteins in vesicles.
75
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle modifying and packaging proteins into vesicles.
76
Vesicle
Membrane-bound sac transporting proteins within a cell.
77
Mitochondria
Organelle providing ATP energy for cellular processes.
78
Chaperone proteins
Assist in folding proteins into specific shapes.
79
Quaternary structure
Complex of two or more polypeptide chains forming a functional unit.
80
Lipidation
Addition of fats to proteins, forming lipoproteins.
81
Proteolysis
Process of cleaving proteins into shorter lengths.
82
Proteome
Complete set of proteins produced by an organism.
83
Amino acids
Monomers of proteins; 20 different types exist.
84
Alpha Carbon
Central carbon atom in amino acid structure.
85
R group
Variable side chain in amino acids determining properties.
86
Protein conformation
Three-dimensional shape of a protein affecting function.

VCE Biology 3/4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions