unit 3 AOS 1 (skill acquisition) Flashcards
(49 cards)
what is a skill?
a skill is the ability to do something well. In sports, the focus is on motor skills such as a tennis serve, volleyball spike or hockey push.
what are the Three ways to classify a skill?
movement precision
type of movement
predictability of the movement
what is a Gross motor skill
involves recruiting large muscle groups and place less emphasis on precision, e.g. running
what is a fine motor skill?
involves recruiting smaller muscles for precision movements e.g. the finger and movements when playing darts.
what is a discrete motor skill?
have a clear beginning and end e.g a netball pas s
what is a serial motor skill?
when several discrete skills are performed in a sequence e.g. a gymnastics floor routine
what is a continuous motor skill?
have no definite beginning or end e.g. running
what are closed motor skills?
performed in surroundings where the performer has teh greatest control over the performance environment. e.g. an indoor, individual fiving routine
what are open motor skills?
performed in a less predictable environment where the conditions are constantly changing, and the performer has limited control over the environment e.g. white-water kayaking.
what are stability skills?
involving balance and control of the body
what are locomotor skills?
that enable us to move through space, such as walking and running
what are manipulative skills?
involving the control of an object, such as throwing, catching, striking and kicking
what are the three stages of learning?
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
what is involved in the cognitive stage of learning (characteristics of performers) ?
- beginner
- mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements
- their performance is inconsistent with stiff, unrelaxed movements
- they cannot detect errors and have not developed correction ability
what are some characteristics of associative learners?
- beginning to refine their technique/ movement pattern
more consistent, make fewer errors, can detect the cause of some errors and eliminate them - more attention to external stimuli
what are some characteristics of autonomous learners?
- the skill is mostly automatic
- performer can detect and correct errors and performance variables are small
- focus is directed towards tactics
what is the benefit of part practice?
part practice can benefit cognitive learners who are still trying to understand the complete skill. by practicing parts it can increase motivational levels as beginners are able to achieve success quickly.
what is part practice?
part practice is when you break up a skill into segments and learn each aspect individually before completing it as a whole skill
what are two things to consider when deciding whether to use part or whole practice?
- task complexity
- task organisation
what is task complexity?
when a skill has several segments it can be considered a complex task where part practice may be ore appropriate when trying to learn the skill.
what is task organisation?
task organisation refers to how dependant each segment is on the previous segment. for example, if you were to complete a cartwheel using part practice it would lose its rhythm therefore it would be difficult to complete.
why is amount of practice critical?
the amount of practice is critical when trying to learn a new skill especially in early stages of learning. there is a positive relationship between improvement and practice time.
what is distributed practice?
involves short but frequent training sessions.
- more time is given for rest periods between tasks within the training session - distributed practice scheduling creates a better learning environment.
what is massed practice?
involves less frequent training sessions that last for a longer period of time.
- rest intervals between tasks are also reduced compared to distributed practice
