UNIT 3 AOS 1 Skill Aquisition and Biomechanics Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a skill?
A skill involves a sequence of movements (subroutines) with an objective, that are learned overtime
What is a fundamental movement skill?
Foundational skills that provide the basis for successful participation in a wide range of physical activity
- this includes object control, body control, locomotive skills and aquatic skills
What is a sports specific skill?
Advanced fundamental movement skills that are developed to achieve sport specific objectives
eg. footy mark
Movement precision
can be classified as fine or gross
- fine skills involve small muscles or muscle groups where accuracy and precision are required (eg darts)
- gross skills involve large muscle groups or whole body movements that are less precise (eg kicking a footy)
Movement Type
- discrete, serial, continuous
- discrete skills have a distinct beginning and end point (eg netball pass)
- serial skill is a combonation of discrete skills in succession (eg gymnastics routine)
- continuous skills have no distinct beginning or end point (eg cycling)
Environmental Predictability
- open or closed
- stability of environment (stable or unstable)
- timing of skill (internally or externally paced)
- inter-trial variability (is the skill performed the same or differently each time?)
Cognitive Stage of Learning
- aka the understanding stage
- beginning trying to understand the requirements of the task
- frequent ans large errors
- can’t detect own errors
- needs a coach and lots of feedback
Associative stage of learning
- aka practice
- learner becomes more familiar with the order of sub-routines and their timing
- technique os refined
- smaller less frequent errors
- can detect some of their own errors
- gradual improvements
- can commence focusing on tactics
Autonomous stage of learning
- aka automatic and requires little conscious thought
- attention is given to tacts and opponents
- can use anticipation
- performance is coordinated, accurate and consistent
- make few errors, small errors and can self detect and correct
What are the sociocultural influences on skill development?
THE FOUR P’S
- Peers
- Parents
- Positive role models
- Price Point (socio-economic status)
Type of practice
- part practice: breaking a skill down into its subroutins and practicing one or more parts eg tennis serve ball toss
- works well for beginners and complex tasks
- whole practice: involves practicing a skill in its entirety (eg somersault)
- best when skill is not complex and cannot be broken down into parts
Distribution of practice
- massed practice: training sessions that are longer in duration but less frequent
(good for non professional, social athletes) - distributed practice: more frequent but shorter training sessions
(good for professional/full time athletes and highly motivated athletes in physicall demanding sports)
Variability of Practice
- blocked: practicing the same skill repeatedly without variations
- random practice: practicing a variety of skills in the same drill or session
What is feedback?
Feedback is information that an athlete recieves about their performance.
Without feedback there can be no learning
Types of Feedback (intruinsic or augmented)
Instruinsic: info about the performance comes from our sense, visual, auditory, proprioceptive, touch
Augmented: info from external sources, coach, crowd, parents
Types of feedback (knowledge of…)
knowledge of results: info about the outcome of the skill performance
Knowledge of performance: onfo about the execution of the skill (technique)
What is direct instruction?
Direct instruction is instructor centred (learner is passive), controlled/predictable enviornment, emphasis on mastering skill technique in structured drills, feedback provided by coach
What is the constraints based approach to coaching?
Uses situational learning, through manipulation of constraints, ensuring lots of variability in practice when learning
can include manipulation of :
-individual constraints (eg body size, age, gender)
- environmental contraints (playing surface, noise level, role model, socio economic status)
- task constraints (rules, equiptment, field dimensions, number of players)
What is a QMA?
- qualitative movement analysis
- the systematic observation and judgement of the quality of human movemenet for the purpose of providing appropriate intervention to improve performance
What are the 4 steps of a QMA?
1) Preparation: research the sport, decide movement being analysed and how to analyse it
2) Observation: gathering info about the performance using live or recorded footage
3) Evaluation: judge the quality of performance and identify areas for improvement
4) Error Correction: implementing practice to change technique and providing feedback
What is motivation?
an internal state that activates, directs and sustains behaviour towards achieving a set goal
What are the different types of motivation?
Intruinsic motivation:
- longer lasting
- motivation from within
- eg satisfaction, sense of achievement, enjoyment
Extruinsic motivation:
- motivation to succeed is governmened by external sources
- eg trophies, money, acceptance of others
What is positive reinforcement?
positive motivation occurs when an athletes recieves reward for their performance
What is negative reinforcement?
an improvement in performance out of fear of consequences of not reaching (external) expectations
eg coach punishment
