Unit 3 AOS 1A Flashcards
(24 cards)
Health and wellbeing definition
The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in
which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged
Define subjective and dynamic health
Dynamic: Constantly changing (change quickly or over time)
Subjective: Means different things to different people, viewed differently; influenced by age or prior experience
Define physical health and wellbeing and list characteristics
The functioning of the body and it’s systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily
activities or tasks.
Well-functioning body, systems, and organs
Healthy body weight
Appropriate levels of fitness
Adequate energy levels
Ability to complete physical tasks adequately
Freedom from illness, disease, and injury
Strong immune system
Define social health and wellbeing and list characteristics
Social health and wellbeing (PSSAE): The ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt
appropriately to different social situations. It includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every
person has equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of the society
Productive relationships with other people
Supportive network of friends
Supportive and well-functioning family
Ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
Effective communication with others
Define emotional health and wellbeing and list characteristics
The ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. The degree to which an individual feels
emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life
Recognize and understand the range of emotions
Effectively respond to and manage emotions
Experience appropriate emotions in different scenarios
High level of resilience
Define mental health and wellbeing and list characteristics
The current state of the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information. A
mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
High levels of confidence
Low levels of stress and anxiety
Positive self-esteem
Positive thought patterns
Process information to solve problems
Use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions
Define spiritual health and wellbeing and list characteristics
Ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It relates to
a person having a guiding sense of purpose and meaning within their lives
Sense of belonging and connection to the world
Developed personal values and beliefs
Acting according to values (all animals should be treated with respect) and beliefs (animals equal to humans)
Positive meaning and purpose in life
Peace and harmony
WHO prerequisites for health
WHO Prerequisites for health
Peace: Absence of conflict
Shelter: A structure that provides protection from the outside environment
Equity: Fairness; there are minimum levels of income and resources all people should have access to
o Equity vs Equality: Equity is fairness, disadvantaged groups are targeted. Equality is all things being equal (same conditions
for everyone, important when people experience the same conditions)
Education: All children can complete a primary and secondary education and develop the meaningful skills needed to gain
employment.
Food: Relates to food security
Income
Social justice: Equal rights for all regardless of personal traits such as race, sex, class, ethnicity, age, or sexual orientation
Sustainable resources. Relates to sutainability
Stable ecosystem: Occurs when balance is achieved between the ecosystem (living and non-living components of particular area)
Health status definition
An individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability
and levels of disease risk factors
Health status indicators
- self assessed health status
- incidence
- prevelance
- mortality
- mortality rate
- maternal mortality/ratio
- infant mortality/rate
- under five mortality/rate (U5MR)
- morbidity
- life expectancy
- Health-adjusted life years (HALE)
- burden of disease - DALY - YLL+YLD
Define self assessed health status
An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life
Define incidence and prevalence
Incidence: Number of new cases of a particular disease or condition in a population during a given period (usually 1 year period)
Prevalence: Number (or proportion) of cases of a particular disease or condition in a population at a given time
Incidence vs Prevalence: Incidence conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease, whereas prevalence indicates how
widespread the disease is.
Define mortality and mortality rate
Mortality: Number of deaths in a population in a given period
Mortality rate: Measure of deaths in a population in a one-year period (usually per 100,000)
Define maternal and maternal mortality ratio
Maternal mortality: Deaths of women during pregnancy, childbirth or within 6 weeks of delivery
Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths of women during pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births
Define under 5 mortality and under 5 mortality rate (U5MR)
Under 5 mortality: Death of a child under 5 years of age
Under 5 mortality rate (U5MR): Number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
Define morbidity
Morbidity: Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population (often expressed as incidence and prevalence)
Define life expectancy
Life expectancy: The number of years of life remaining for a person of a particular age if death rates do not change. It increases as a person
gets older.
Define health-adjusted life years (HALE)
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE): The number of years of full health that a person of a particular age can expect to live; time lived
without health consequences of disease or injury based on current rates of ill health and mortality (measure or burden of disease based on life
expectancy)
Burden of disease
Burden of disease: A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Measured in DALY.
Define YLL, YLD and DALY
Years of life lost (YLL): A measure of how many years of expected life lost due to premature death (fatal component, mortality)
Years lost due to disability (YLDs): A measure of how many healthy years of life lost due to illness, injury, or disability (non-fatal component,
morbidity)
Disability-adjusted life years (DALY): A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease, or injury. DALY = YLL + YLD
Health and wellbeing as a resource
To achieve optimal health and wellbeing, an individual must be able to identify and to realise aspirations,
to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. It enhances everyday life.
Optimal health and wellbeing for people (individuals)
Individual (people):
Work productively
Work towards their purpose in life
Gain an education
Increase leisure time
Sleep well
Optimal health and wellbeing as a resource nationally
National (Australians, countries):
Longer healthier lives
Increase social participation (volunteering and civic participation)
Higher average incomes
Fewer people relying on social security
Health system savings
Optimal health and wellbeing as a resource globally
Global (world-wide):
Reduces risk of disease transmission between countries
Promotes sustainability
Promotes social development (enhance equality)
Promotes economic development (increased workforce participation)
Promotes peace and stability
