Unit 3 AOS 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the 7 types of power
-Hard power
-Soft power
-Military power
-Economic power
-Political power
-Diplomatic power
-Cultural power
What is Hard power?
A zero-sum game where a win for one actor can only come at the expense of a loss for the other actor (involves coercion/force)
What is Soft power?
A positive sum game in that actor A strategically engineers a situation where their gain is likewise a gain for actor B (involves appealing/attracting)
List all the national interests
-national security
-economic prosperity
-international standing
-regional relationships
Define sovereignty
Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised boarders. This is the primary organising principle of global politics providing states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community.
Define national interests
The national interests of a state are pursued to ensure the survival and potential growth of that state. States implement policies and types of power to achieve their national interests and maintain sovereignty.
Define power
Refers to the ability of one global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of different ways.
Define security
Traditionally this term refers to the protection of a states boarders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly achieved through the use of military power. It has now evolved to include softer forms of security, such as access to resources and the protection of the environment.
Define Idealism
Refers to a school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by an ideological principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations. (Basically it’s consistency that states have with following through with a primary idea or ideology which means policies stat the same to reflect the states belief the best)
Define pragmatism
A school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by practical considerations, as opposed to a particular ideology. (Basically policies are constantly changing to fit practically with what the state wants opposed to a key ideology that the state believes in and follows)
What are the instruments of foreign policy?
-Diplomacy
-Trade
-Aid
-Military
What are the 2 national security interpretations
- This considers the US military alliance as the most crucial aspect of Australia’s approach to national security
- A future with a balance of power such as China’s increasing economic power is balanced by US power in a multipolar order
What are the 2 economic prosperity interpretations
- A short-term perspective based on continuous growth (28 years of growth 2018-2019) in exports to China and the support of new fossil fuel projects.
- A long-term approach that questions the reliance upon trade with China and exports of natural resources.
What are the 2 international standing interpretations
- Australia is a supporter of the United Nations and the ‘rules based global order’
- Australia prioritises national interests over international obligations.
What are the 2 regional relationships interpretations?
- Views the United States as the key regional relationship based on their military alliance
- Views China as the key regional relationship based on their economic relationship
National security example
Operation Sovereign Boarders and Australia’s use of military in overseas missions such as Operation Astute 2006-2013 Australia deployed to East Timor to stabilise the country following internal internal unrest and violence.
Economic prosperity example
The economic relationship with China evident through the free trade agreement (CHAFTA) (Trade with China accounts for 25.7% of Australias two-way trade and 60% of Australias exports are from the mining sector)
Regional relationship example
Australia’s relationship with the USA through programs like AUKUS (2021) which is a trilateral security partnership which enhances mutual trust and cooperation. Also Tuvalu Declaration which may have damaged Australia’s relationships with Pacific neighbours
International standing example
Australia as a middle power and the relationship with the United Nations so they can represent themselves in the international arena and Operation Sovereign Borders and singing Paris Climate Agreement (2015). ALSO in 2019 at the Pacific Islands Forum when Australia didn’t sign the Tuvalu Declaration.
What’s Australia’s main export?
60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector
What’s Australia’s main export?
60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector
What is Operation Sovereign Boarders? What year was it implemented? Is it supported?
Implemented in 2013 Operation Sovereign Boarders is an Australian military led initiative aimed at preventing unauthorised maritime arrivals. The initiative is supported by 71% of Australia’s according to the Lowey Institute
How does Australia’s relationship with the UN help achieve national interests?
While Australia has made strides in promoting the national interest of international standing through engagement with the UN, its treatment of asylum seekers remains a point of contention that undermines these efforts
What is AUKUS and when was it established?
Established in 2021 AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership involving Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States that aims to enhance security and defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region
