UNIT 3 - AOS 2A Flashcards
biomedical model of health
focuses on the physical/biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of diseases.
characteristics of biomedical model of health
- model of care practiced by health professionals
- focuses on: physical/biological aspects
- includes medical tests (X-rays etc)
- band aid or fix it approach
- focuses on treatment not prevention
advantages of biomedical model of health
- advances in technology/research. w/o biomedical would not be possible e.g.. X-rays
- enables common problems to be efficiently treated
- extends life expectancy
- improves quality of life
disadvantages of biomedical model of health
- relies on professional health workers = costly
- doesn’t always promote good health as determinants are not always uncovered
- affordability, not everyone can afford medical technology/resources. therefore creating a variance in health status
the role of the federal government and its responsibility for health
- administration of medicare
- administration of PBS
- quarantine
- funding of health system
- regulation of health system
what areas does the health care system refer to ?
- doctors
- specialists
- nurses
- hospitals
- preventative programs
- pharmaceutical companies
- private health insurance
medicare
a universal healthcare system that provides medical care to patients via their gp or hospital for little or no cost.
It was established in 1984 to provide access and improve healthcare for all australians, regardless of income
who is eligible for medicare
all australians and new zealend citizens, permanent residents and people from countries with reciprocal agreements.
Anyone over age 15 may have their own medicare card
how is medicare funded
funded by federal government through three sources of income;
- medicare levy: additional 2% tax on taxable income of most taxpayers. low income owners are exempt
- medicare levy surcharge: people w/o private health insurance and earn above certain amount
- general taxation: 3rd source of revenue as medicare levy and medicare surcharge do not meet full operating cost of medicare
what does medicare cover ?
- x rays
- pathology tests
- eye tests
- child dental scheme
- patient copayment
- in hospital expenses
- food
- accomodation
- after care
- up to 75% (private)
what doesn’t medicare cover ?
- patient copayments gap
- cosmetic/non clinical necessary
- private hospital covers
- dental examinations/ treatment
- ambulance services
- home nursing
- physiotherapy
- chiropractic
- hearing aids glasses
- medicines not on PBS
- medicare costs covered by another insurers e.g. work compensation
social model of health
a conceptual framework within improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing efforts toward addressing the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health.
The model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.
brief explanation of social model of health (not study design definition)
attempts to address the broader influences on health (social, cultural, environmental and economic factors) rather than disease and injury itself.
Recognises relationship between health status and social determinants. e.g.: access to health care, ses
principles of social model - acronym
A - Addresses broader determinants of health R - Reduce social inequities E- Empowers individuals/ communities A- Acts to enable access to health care S -involves interSectoral collaboration
principle of social model - Addresses broader determinants of health
Factors are often influenced by other broader determinants
eg. gender, culture etc.
Addressing these determinants is a key aspect to the model.
Behavioural determinants such as reducing tobacco smoking and food intake are important for good health.
principle of social model - Reduce social inequities
social factors that contribute to inequities in health status must be addressed.
Individuals/populations are heavily influenced by social determinants such as: gender, culture, ses, access to health care, social exclusion and physical environment.
principle of social model - Empowers individuals/ communities
empowering individuals/communities meant they can participate in decision about their health.
Individuals are more likely to participate in healthy behaviours if they have a feeling of control.
Empowering with health knowledge/skills puts people in a position to make positive change
principle of social model - acts to enable access to health care
health care is a significant determinant of health and is a contributing factor to health status is a contributing factor to health status experienced by most people.
There are many social/environmental factors that can impact on access to health care.
Some of these include: cultural/language barriers, economic and geographical location and education levels.
principle of social model - involves interSectoral collaboration
many sectors, working together collaboratively to improve health outcomes. EG: government and non government organisations. Government and private sector.
including : service providers and manufacturers who sit outside health system.
Only by involving all intersected/concerned groups can the social/physical env.
determinants be adequate addressed.
advantages of social model of health
- promotes good health and assists in prevention
- promotes overall wellbeing
- relatively inexpensive
- focuses on vulnerable population groups
- education can be passed down through generations
- responsibility for health is shared
disadvantages of social model of health
- not every condition is preventable
- does not promote development of technology and medical knowledge
- does not address the health concerns of individual s
- health promotion programs may be ignored
programs based on social model
- closing the gap
- sun smart
- breast screen australia
- rural retention program
- quit
- be a man, talk to your doctor about prostate cancer
- live lighter campaign
define ottawa charter for health promotion
an approach to health development by the world health organisation which attempts to reduce inequalities in health
The ottawa charter for health promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines health promotion as the ‘process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health’
The ottawa charter identifies three basic strategies for health promotion, which are:
- enabling
- mediating
- advocacy
what are the three strategies for health promotion (ottawa charter)
- enable
- mediate
- advocate
