Unit 3: Applied Approaches and Ideas

Question 1

Focuses on the unconscious mind, which contains our repressed ideas, emotions, and memories

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis

Question 2

Ideas, desires, and emotions we may not be aware of

Answer 2

Unconscious Thoughts

Question 3

Ideas, desires, and emotions we are aware of

Answer 3

Conscious Thoughts

Question 4

The influence of unconscious thoughts on conscious thoughts and behavior

Answer 4

Unconscious Motivation

Question 5

The free-flowing, uncensored talking that will provide clues to unconscious efforts

Answer 5

Free Association

Question 6

Utilized because Freud believed dreams are the purest forms of free association

Answer 6

Dream Interpretation

Question 7

Unintentionally revealed unconscious thoughts or desires

Answer 7

Freudian Slips

Question 8

He lets patients talk freely about their experiences and dreams

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud

Question 9

Exposed above the iceberg

Answer 9

Conscious Mind

Question 10

Contains anything that an individual could readily pull into their conscious awareness

Answer 10

Preconscious Mind

Question 11

Submerged deep in the waters

Answer 11

Unconscious Mind

Question 12

Contains our biological desires; operates on the pleasure principle

Answer 12

Id

Question 13

Balances instinctual urges and moral rules; operates on the reality principle

Answer 13

Ego

Question 14

Represents our moral codes or conscience

Answer 14

Superego

Question 15

What a person feels when the id and superego clash

Answer 15

Anxiety

Question 16

Processes that the individual uses to protect themself from anxiety

Answer 16

Defense Mechanisms

Question 17

Assumes that individuals make decisions by considering the costs, benefits, and risks

Answer 17

Rational Choice Theory (RCT)

Question 18

Theorized that individuals choose based on what is good for them

Answer 18

Adam Smith

Question 19

A dilemma wherein the resources are scarce

Answer 19

Tragedy of the Commons

Question 20

Two suspects are separated in two interrogation rooms with the options of betraying each other or remaining silent

Answer 20

The Prisoner’s Dilemma

Question 21

Other formal structures that govern a field of action (Rojas, 2018)

Answer 21

Institutions

Question 22

Understanding society through institutions

Answer 22

Institutionalism

Question 23

A German sociologist and historian; according to him, institutions become a tradition as more people follow it

Answer 23

Max Weber

Question 24

Made through a series of explicit social interactions

Answer 24

Formal Institutions

Question 25

Repeated actions that become recognized by an individual; these actions become a part of one's identity when repeated consistently

Answer 25

Habits

Question 26

Habits shared within a group; integrate a social aspect in an individual's habits

Answer 26

Customs

Question 27

Procedures agreed upon by society

Answer 27

Conventions

Question 28

Widely implied understandings of how to behave in society; no explicit law or doctrine but still generally followed

Answer 28

Informal Situations

Question 29

Socially or culturally prescribed characteristics, behaviors, and interests appropriate for women and men

Answer 29

Gender

Question 30

Expectations of what is appropriate behavior for women and men

Answer 30

Gender Roles

Question 31

Awareness of women's oppression; collective action against gender inequality

Answer 31

Feminism (Bhasin and Khan, 1986)

Question 32

Gender inequalities are rooted in social and cultural attitudes

Answer 32

Liberal Feminism

Question 33

Women can only be liberated by overthrowing the patriarchal system

Answer 33

Radical Feminism

Question 34

Focuses on the oppression of nonwhite women

Answer 34

Black Feminism

Question 35

Questions the very notion of gender

Answer 35

Postmodern Feminism

Question 36

The study of experiences; considers reality as subjective

Answer 36

Phenomenology

Question 37

The study of interpretation; discovery of meaning through interpretation of words that describe the experience

Answer 37

Hermeneutics

Question 38

Philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology

Answer 38

Edmund Husserl

Question 39

Philosopher who conceptualized hermeneutics

Answer 39

Hans-Georg Gadamer

Question 40

Used in qualitative research to explore and understand the meaning of experience

Answer 40

Social Science Context

Question 41

Awareness of the researcher on the preconceptions and biases from social norms, religion, and ethical codes

Answer 41

First Phase: Removal of Preconceptions

Question 42

The elimination of everything that limits us from perceiving things w/o any presuppositions

Answer 42

Husserl's Epoche

Question 43

Collecting accounts from various sources

Answer 43

Second Phase: Collecting Lived Experiences

Question 44

Help researchers find the relationship between living and thinking, the situation in memory, and the reflection taking place (Van Manen, 2003)

Answer 44

Anecdote Collection

Question 45

Gathering the subject's experience of the object or phenomenon being studied (Elida and Guillen, 2018)

Answer 45

Interviews and Observations

Question 46

Grasping the meaning of the phenomenon we are studying to create a richer understanding of our object of study

Answer 46

Third Phase: Reflecting on the Experiences Gathered

Question 47

Fourth phase of the hermeneutic phenomenological method

Answer 47

Writing and Discussing the Reflection of the Lived Experience

Question 48

A framework that views society as part of a symbiotic system between people and the environment

Answer 48

Human-Environment Systems

Question 49

Two entities that affect each other, either positively or negatively

Answer 49

Symbiosis

Question 50

Emphasizes how environmental issues are connected to other important aspects of society

Answer 50

DPSIR Model

Question 51

Trends in the economy, culture, and people's lifestyles that can affect the environment

Answer 51

Drivers/Driving Forces

Question 52

The emissions or wastes created as a result of the drivers

Answer 52

Pressures

Question 53

A particular element or aspect of the environment

Answer 53

State

Question 54

Large-scale effects due to the changes in the state of the environment

Answer 54

Impacts

Question 55

The actions that people take in order to address the impacts, drivers, and pressures that affect the environment

Answer 55

Responses